Guillermo Oliver

Last updated
Guillermo Oliver
Born1955 (age 68–69)
Montevideo, Uruguay
Alma mater University of Uruguay, National University of Mexico, and UCLA
OccupationProfessor
EmployerNorthwestern University

Guillermo Oliver is a Uruguayan-American research scientist. He is currently the Thomas D. Spies Professor of Lymphatic Metabolism at Northwestern University, and director of the Center for Vascular and Developmental Biology at the Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute. Oliver is an elected member of both the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the Academia de Ciencias de América Latina.

Contents

Early life and education

Guillermo Oliver was born in 1955 in Montevideo, Uruguay. [1] He got his bachelor's degree in Sciences from the University of Uruguay and his Master in Sciences degree from the National University of Mexico (UNAM). [2] He then completed his Ph.D. work, focusing on the role of Hox genes in mouse development at UCLA. [3] [4]

Career

Oliver has worked on cloning and characterizing the Six3 and Prox1 genes. [5] In 1996 he began working in the Department of Genetics at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, as a faculty member. [6] [7] In 2015 he was named the Thomas D. Spies Professor of Lymphatic Metabolism at Northwestern University in the Department of Medicine in the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and he is also the director of the Center for Vascular and Developmental Biology at the Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute. [8]

Research

One of Oliver's research focuses has been the lymphatic vasculature, and his laboratory demonstrated that Prox1 activity was required for the differentiation of lymphatic endothelial cells and the formation of the entire lymphatic vasculature. [9] [10] They later showed the role of the lymphatic vasculature on obesity. [11] [12] His laboratory also identified Six2 as a critical gene in the process of generation of nephron progenitors [13] and demonstrated that Six3 activity was required for the formation of the mammalian forebrain and neuroretina in mice. [14] [15] He expanded those results using embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells to generate eye organoids that mimic early eye development. [8] In 2020, he published his research on the role of the Reelin protein promotes cardiac regeneration and repair by reducing cell death after heart injury in the journal Nature. [16] [17]

Awards

In 2011 Oliver was elected to the American Association for the Advancement of Science in the Section on Biological Sciences. [6] Oliver was then elected a member of the Academia de Ciencias de América Latina in 2019. [1] In 2021 he received the Earl Benditt award from the North American Vascular Biology Organization. [18]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Homeobox</span> DNA pattern affecting anatomy development

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Lymphangiogenesis is the formation of lymphatic vessels from pre-existing lymphatic vessels in a method believed to be similar to angiogenesis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Schlemm's canal</span> Lymphatic-like vessel in the eye

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Endothelial stem cell</span> Stem cell in bone marrow that gives rise to endothelial cells

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nuclear receptor 4A3</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

The nuclear receptor 4A3 (NR4A3) also known as neuron-derived orphan receptor 1 (NOR1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR4A3 gene. NR4A3 is a member of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HHEX</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein HHEX is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HHEX gene and also known as Proline Rich Homeodomain protein PRH.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PROX1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Prospero homeobox protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PROX1 gene. The Prox1 gene is critical for the development of multiple tissues. Prox1 activity is necessary and sufficient to specify a lymphatic endothelial cell fate in endothelial progenitors located in the embryonic veins.

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Homeobox protein OTX2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OTX2 gene.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">SIX2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">VAX1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Ventral anterior homeobox 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VAX1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Edward M. De Robertis</span> American embryologist

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Lymph sacs are a part of the development of the lymphatic system, known as lymphangiogenesis. The lymph sacs are precursors of the lymph vessels. These sacs develop through the processes of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. However, there is evidence of both of these processes in different organisms. In mice, it is thought that the lymphatic components form through an angiogenic process. But, there is evidence from bird embryos that gives rise to the idea that lymphatic vessels arise in the embryos through a vasculogenesis-like process from the lymphangioblastic endothelial precursor cells.

In molecular biology, Six3OS1 is a long non-coding RNA. It was originally identified in the murine embryonic and postnatal retina. It is located in the distal promoter region of the gene encoding Six3, a homeodomain transcription factor. It regulates the activity of Six3 in the developing mouse retina, by binding to transcriptional co-regulators of Six3 and to histone modification enzymes and acting as a transcriptional scaffold.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Retinal homeobox protein Rx</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

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References

  1. 1 2 "ACAL, Académicos 2019-2020 | ACAL". www.acal-scientia.org.
  2. ↑ Oliver, G., Gosset, G., Sanchez-Pescador, R., Lozoya, E., Ku Lailig, M.,Flores, N., Becerril, B., Valle, F., & Bolivar, F. (1987). Determination of the nucleotide sequence for the E. coli K12 Glutamate synthase structural genes. Gene 60, 1-11.
  3. ↑ De Robertis, E.M., Oliver, G., & Wright, C.V.E. (1990). Homeobox genes and the analysis of vertebrate development. Scientific American 263, 46-52.
  4. ↑ Oliver, G., Wright, C.V.E., Hardwicke, J., & De Robertis, E. (1988). A gradient of homeodomain protein in developing forelimbs of Xenopus and mouse embryos. Cell 55, 1017-1024
  5. ↑ Oliver, G., Sosa-Pineda, B., Geisendorf, S., Spana, E.P., Doe, C.Q., & Gruss, P. (1993). Prox1, a prospero-related homeobox gene expressed during mouse development. Mech Dev.44, 3-16.
  6. 1 2 "AAAS Members Elected as Fellows | American Association for the Advancement of Science". www.aaas.org.
  7. ↑ "New insight offered in holoprosencephaly". UPI.
  8. 1 2 Doss, Will. "Stem Cells Lead to Better Understanding of Retinal Development | Northwestern Medicine Magazine".
  9. ↑ Wigle, J.T. and Oliver, G. (1999). Prox1 function is required for the development of the murine lymphatic system. Cell 98, 769-778.
  10. ↑ Wigle, J.T., Harvey, N., Detmar, M., Lagutina, I., Grosveld, G., Gunn, M.D., Jackson, D.G., and Oliver, G. (2002). An essential role for Prox1 in the induction of the lymphatic endothelial cell phenotype. EMBO J 21, 1505-1513.
  11. ↑ "Leaky lymphatics lead to obesity in mice". ScienceDaily.
  12. ↑ Schneider, Martin; Conway, Edward M.; Carmeliet, Peter (October 15, 2005). "Lymph makes you fat". Nature Genetics. 37 (10): 1023–1024. doi:10.1038/ng1005-1023. PMID   16195715. S2CID   66017 – via www.nature.com.
  13. ↑ Self, M., Lagutin, O., Bowling, B., Hendrix, J., Cai, Y., Dressler, G. and Oliver, G. (2006). Six2 activity is required for suppression of inductive signals and progenitor cell renewal in the developing kidney. EMBO J, 25, 5214-28.
  14. ↑ Lagutin, O., Zhu, C., Kobayashi, D., Topczewski, J., Shimamura, K., Puelles, L., Russell, H.R., McKinnon, P., Solnica-Krezel, L. and Oliver, G. (2003). Six3 repression of Wnt signaling in the anterior neuroectoderm is essential for vertebrate forebrain development Genes & Dev 17, 368-379
  15. ↑ Liu, W., Lagutin, O., Swindell, E., Jamrich, M., and Oliver, G. (2010). Neuroretina specification in mammals requires Six3-mediated suppression of Wnt8b in the anterior neural plate. J Clin Invest, 120, 3568-3577.
  16. ↑ "Rethinking Cardiac Repair After Injury - News Center". 9 December 2020.
  17. ↑ María De Los Ángeles Orfila (27 December 2020). "Uruguayo busca cómo reparar el corazón luego de un infarto" [Uruguayan seeks how to repair the heart after a heart attack]. El País .
  18. ↑ "Meritorious Awards - North American Vascular Biology Organization".
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