Babrak Karmal was an Afghan communist revolutionary and politician who was the leader of Afghanistan,serving in the post of general secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan from 1979 to 1986.
Hafizullah Amin was an Afghan communist head of state,who served in that position for a little over three months,from September 1979 until his assassination. He organized the Saur Revolution of 1978 and co-founded the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA),ruling Afghanistan as General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party.
Mohammad Najibullah Ahmadzai,commonly known as Dr. Najib,was an Afghan military officer and politician who served as the fifth president of Afghanistan from 1987 until his resignation in April 1992,shortly after the Afghan mujahideen's takeover of Kabul. He was also the General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) from 1986 to 1992. After a failed attempt to flee to India,Najibullah remained in Kabul,and lived in the United Nations headquarters until his assassination during the Taliban's first capture of Kabul in 1996.
The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan,later known as the Republic of Afghanistan,was the Afghan state between 1978 and 1992. It was bordered by Pakistan to the east and south,by Iran to the west,by the Soviet Union to the north,and by China to the northeast. Established by the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) following the Saur Revolution in April 1978,it came to rely heavily on the Soviet Union for financial and military assistance and was therefore widely considered to be a Soviet satellite state. The PDPA's rise to power is seen as the beginning of the ongoing Afghan conflict,and the majority of the country's years in existence were marked by the Soviet–Afghan War. It collapsed by the end of the First Afghan Civil War in April 1992,having lasted only four months after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) was a Marxist–Leninist political party in Afghanistan established on 1 January 1965. Four members of the party won seats in the 1965 Afghan parliamentary election,reduced to two seats in 1969,albeit both before the party was fully legal. For most of its existence,the party was split between the hardline Khalq and moderate Parcham factions,each of which claimed to represent the "true" PDPA.
The following lists events that happened during 1981 in Afghanistan.
Nur Muhammad Taraki was an Afghan communist politician,journalist and writer. He was a founding member of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) who served as its General Secretary from 1965 to 1979 and Chairman of the Revolutionary Council from 1978 to 1979.
Sultan Ali Keshtmand,sometimes transliterated Kishtmand,was an Afghan communist politician,belonging to the Parcham faction of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA). He served twice as Chairman of the Council of Ministers during the 1980s,from 1981 to 1988 and from 1989 to 1990 in the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
Parcham was the more moderate socialist faction of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) led by Afghan communist politician Babrak Karmal. It was later turned into the Watan (Homeland) Party with a more Islamic outlook under Mohammed Najibullah. The faction was formed directly after the founding of the Party in 1965 following ideological splits in the PDPA. While the Parchamites stressed the need for swift social-economic reforms to achieve revolution,this was in direct contrast with their PDPA rivals,the Khalqists,who sought an immediate and violent overthrow of the government. Karmal believed that Afghanistan was not developed enough for a Leninist revolutionary approach and instead sought a patriotic and anti-imperialist united front to take the next steps toward revolution.
Khalq was a faction of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA). Its historical de facto leaders were Nur Muhammad Taraki (1967–1979),Hafizullah Amin (1979) It was also the name of the leftist newspaper produced by the same movement. The Khalq wing was formed in 1967 after the split of the party due to bitter resentment with the rival Parcham faction which had a differing revolutionary strategy.
Abdul Rahim Hatif was a politician in Afghanistan. He served as one of the vice presidents during the last years of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
The following lists events that happened during 1985 in Afghanistan.
Mir Akbar Khyber was an Afghan left-wing intellectual and a leader of the Parcham faction of People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA). His assassination by an unidentified person or people led to the overthrow of Mohammed Daoud Khan's republic,and to the advent of a socialist regime in Afghanistan,the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
The Revolutionary Council of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) ruled the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan from 1978 until its collapse in 1992. The council was the supreme state power under the communist regime and was a carbon copy of the Supreme Soviet in the Soviet Union. The point with the council was to convene on a semiannual basis to approve decisions made by the presidium.
Settam-e-Melli was a political movement in Afghanistan,led by Tahir Badakhshi. The organization was affiliated with the Non-Aligned Movement,and was opposed by both the Afghan monarchy and by the Soviet-aligned People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan. Its followers were mostly Persian speakers. Most of its members were non-Pashtuns—Tajik,Uzbek,and other minorities—and it has been variously described as an anti-Pashtun separatist group and as a Tajik and Uzbek separatist group. "Information on Settam-e-Melli is vague and contradictory,but it appears to have been an anti-Pashtun leftist mutation."
Major General Sayed Muhammad Gulabzoi is an Afghan former military officer and politician. He was a prominent political figure in the government of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan,and played a notable role in the Saur Revolution that placed the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) in power and installed a communist government in Afghanistan. Gulabzoi was also one of the leaders of PDPA's Khalq faction.
Abdul Ghafar Lakanwal is an Afghan-American politician and activist. He served as cabinet minister in Afghan governments in the 1980s.
Abdul Wahed Sarābi,is a former government minister and was one of the vice presidents of Mohammad Najibullah in Afghanistan.
Major-general Mohammed Ishaq Tokhi is a politician from Afghanistan.
Abdul Hamid Mohtat is an Afghan former politician and military officer who served as Vice President and Deputy Prime Minister.
Afghanistan 
Major General 