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Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg was a Finnish jurist and academic, which was one of the most important pioneers of republicanism in the country. He was the first president of Finland (1919–1925) and a liberal nationalist.
The president of the Republic of Finland is the head of state of Finland. Under the Constitution of Finland, executive power is vested in the Finnish Government and the president, with the latter possessing only residual powers. The president is directly elected by universal suffrage for a term of six years. Since 1994, no president may be elected for more than two consecutive terms. The president must be a natural-born Finnish citizen. The presidential office was established in the Constitution Act of 1919. The incumbent president is Sauli Niinistö. He was elected for the first time in 2012 and was re-elected in 2018.
The National Progressive Party was a liberal political party in Finland from 1918 to 1951. The party was founded 8 December 1918, after the Finnish Civil War, by the republican majority of the Young Finnish Party and the republican minority of the Finnish Party
Gustav Adolf Joachim Rüdiger Graf von der Goltz was a German army general during the First World War. He commanded the Baltic Sea Division, which successfully intervened in the Finnish Civil War in the spring of 1918. Goltz stayed with his troops in Finland until December 1918 representing German interests, and in practice ruled the country as a military dictator during this period. After the Armistice of 11 November 1918, Goltz commanded the army of the local German-established government of Latvia, which in 1919 was instrumental in the defeat of the Russian Bolsheviks and their local allies in Latvia. The troops commanded by Goltz suffered a defeat against Estonia in 1919 and were eventually unsuccessful in retaining German control over Latvia and Estonia after World War I.
Yrjö Elias Sirola was a Finnish socialist politician, writer, teacher, and newspaper editor. He was prominent as an elected official in Finland, as minister of foreign affairs in the 1918 Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic, a founder of the Communist Party of Finland, and as a functionary of the Communist International.
The Kingdom of Finland was a failed attempt to establish a monarchy in Finland in the aftermath of the Finnish Declaration of Independence from Russia in December 1917 and the Finnish Civil War from January–May 1918. The victorious Whites in the Parliament of Finland began the process of turning Finland into a kingdom and creating a monarchy. Although the country was legally a kingdom for over a year, that was headed by a regent; the king-elect Frederick Charles never reigned nor came to Finland following Germany's defeat in World War I, and republican victories in subsequent elections resulted in the country becoming a republic.
Parliamentary elections were held in Finland between 1 and 3 March 1919. The Social Democratic Party emerged as the largest in Parliament with 80 of the 200 seats. Voter turnout was 67.1%.
The Estonian Labour Party was a political party in Estonia. It was formed in 1919 by a merger of the Radical Socialist Party and the Social Travaillist Party, and ceased to exist in 1932, when it merged with other centrist parties to form the National Centre Party. It was a member of government coalitions between 1919 and 1925, and again from 1927 until 1931.
The Social Democratic Party of Finland, shortened to the Social Democrats and commonly known in Finnish as Demarit, is a social-democratic political party in Finland. It is currently the largest party in the Parliament of Finland with 40 seats.
The Revolutions of 1917–1923 was a revolutionary wave that included political unrest and revolts around the world inspired by the success of the Russian Revolution and the disorder created by the aftermath of World War I. The uprisings were mainly socialist or anti-colonial in nature. Some socialist revolts failed to create lasting socialist states. The revolutions had lasting effects in shaping the future European political landscape, with for example the collapse of the German Empire and the abdication of the German Kaiser.
Juho Kustaa Astala was a Finnish farmer and politician, born in Urjala. He was a member of the Diet of Finland from 1904 to 1906 and of the Parliament of Finland from 1910 to 1913 and from 1918 to 1919. He represented the Young Finnish Party until 1918 and the National Progressive Party from 1918 to 1919.
Juho Erkki Antila was a Finnish farmer and politician. He was a member of the Diet of Finland from 1905 to 1906 and of the Parliament of Finland from 1907 to 1910 and from 1916 to 1919. He represented the Finnish Party until 1918 and the National Coalition Party from 1918 to 1919.
Kaarle (Kalle) Fredrik Häkkinen was a Finnish agronomist, farmer, bank director and politician. He was a member of the Diet of Finland from 1904 to 1906 and of the Parliament of Finland from 1917 to 1919. He represented the Finnish Party until 1918 and the National Coalition Party from 1918 to 1919.
Pekka Ahmavaara was a Finnish bank director and politician. He was born in Ylitornio, and was a member of the Diet of Finland from 1894 to 1906 and of the Parliament of Finland from 1907 to 1916 and again from 1917 to 1919. He represented the Young Finnish Party until 1918 and the National Coalition Party from 1918 to 1919.
Eero Erkko was a Finnish journalist and politician. He served as minister of social affairs from 27 November 1918 to 17 April 1919, minister of transport and public works from 17 April to 15 August 1919 and Minister of Trade and Industry from 15 August 1919 to 15 March 1920. He was a member of the Diet of Finland from 1894 to 1900 and again from 1905 to 1906 and of the Parliament of Finland from 1907 to 1919, representing the Young Finnish Party until 1918 and the National Progressive Party from 1918 to 1919.
August Hyöki was a Finnish farmer and politician. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1916 to 1917 and again from June 1918 to March 1919. He represented the Finnish Party until December 1918 and the National Coalition Party from then on.
Oskar Petrus Nissinen was a Finnish land surveyor, farmer and politician. He was a Member of the Diet of Finland from 1900 to 1906 and a Member of the Parliament of Finland from 1917 to 1919, representing the Young Finnish Party until 1918 and the National Coalition Party from 1918 to 1919.
Niilo Vilho Rauvala was a Finnish engineer and the chairman of the far-right Lalli Alliance of Finland and the Nazi Party of Finnish Labor in the 1930s and 1940s.