Hadhrami Revolution (659)

Hadhrami Revolution
Part of First Fitna and Mu'awiya I's Southern Campaigns (658-661)
A map showing the situation after Mu'awiya’s conquest of Egypt.
Date 659 AD Location Basra, Sawad Result Victory for Ali Territorial changes Alid control over Basra restored
Belligerents
Rashidun Caliphate Pro-Alids	Umayyad Caliphate Uthmaniyya
Commanders and leaders
Ali ibn Abi Talib Jariyah ibn Qudamah  [ ar ] Ziyad ibn Abihi Ayan ibn Dubayah	Abd-Allah ibn Aamir Hadhrami   † [1]
Casualties and losses
Unknown	70-200 killed [ citation needed ]

The Hadhrami Revolution was a rebellion that took place in Basra in 659 during the period of the First Fitna, specifically after the Battle of Siffin, and in support of Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan. ^[2]

Background

After Mu'awiya's takeover of Egypt, and the death of Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr, he sent Abdullah ibn al-Hadhrami to Basra to incite a revolt. ^{[3] [4] [5]} His aim was to make the people of Basra and Kufa pledge allegiance to Mu'awiya in opposition to the Caliphate of Ali ibn Abi Talib. ^[6]

The revolution

When Abdullah arrived in Basra, he sought the favor of the Azd tribe while distancing himself from the Banu Rabi‘a. ^[7] Because he had settled in the territory of Banu Tamim, he courted their support as well. He attempted to persuade them by arguing that Ali was complicit in the killing of Uthman ibn Affan, and declared Mu'awiya the Commander of the Faithful. However, he was opposed by Ibn Abbas and al-Dahhak ibn Qays al-Hilali. ^[8]

Aftermath

The revolt was essentially a tribal conflict between the Tamim and the Azd, ^[9] as there was ongoing strife between the two tribes. The Tamim sided with al-Hadhrami's revolt, but in the end Abdullah al-Hadhrami was killed, ^[10] the uprising was crushed, and Ali's authority over Basra was restored.

See also

• Battle of Siffin
• Mu'awiya I's Southern Campaigns (658–661)
• Umayyad invasions of Egypt
• Second Syria campaign of Ali

References

1. IslamKotob. أسد الغابة - باب الهمزة (in Arabic). IslamKotob.
2. "al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh, Ibn al-Athir, vol. 3, p. 362".
3. "Ibn Khaldun, 634".
4. Madelung, Wilferd (1997). The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate. Cambridge University Press. pp. 282–284. ISBN   978-0-521-64696-3.
5. Madelung, Wilferd; Schmidtke, edited by Sabine (2022-04-19). Studies in Medieval Muslim Thought and History. Taylor & Francis. p. 166. ISBN   978-1-000-46860-1.{{cite book}}: |first2= has generic name (help)
6. "al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh, Ibn al-Athir, vol. 3, p. 360".
7. "al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh, Ibn al-Athir, vol. 3, p. 360".
8. "al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh, Ibn al-Athir, vol. 3, p. 232".
9. "al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh, Ibn al-Athir, vol. 3, p. 263".
10. "al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh, Ibn al-Athir, vol. 3, p. 265".