A supercomputer is a computer with a high level of performance compared to a general-purpose computer. The performance of a supercomputer is commonly measured in floating-point operations per second (FLOPS) instead of million instructions per second (MIPS). Since 2017, there are supercomputers which can perform up to nearly a hundred quadrillion FLOPS. Since November 2017, all of the world's fastest 500 supercomputers run Linux-based operating systems. Additional research is being conducted in China, the United States, the European Union, Taiwan and Japan to build even faster, more powerful and more technologically superior exascale supercomputers.
The National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) is a state-federal partnership to develop and deploy national-scale cyberinfrastructure that advances research, science and engineering based in the United States of America. NCSA operates as a unit of the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, and provides high-performance computing resources to researchers across the country. Support for NCSA comes from the National Science Foundation, the state of Illinois, the University of Illinois, business and industry partners, and other federal agencies.
The National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET) was a program of coordinated, evolving projects sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) beginning in 1985 to promote advanced research and education networking in the United States. NSFNET was also the name given to several nationwide backbone computer networks that were constructed to support NSF's networking initiatives from 1985 to 1995. Initially created to link researchers to the nation's NSF-funded supercomputing centers, through further public funding and private industry partnerships it developed into a major part of the Internet backbone.
Hamid Etemad is a Canadian organizational theorist, and Professor at the Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill University. He is best known for his work on international entrepreneurship and business, specifically the "internationalization of small and medium‐sized enterprises."
The Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Centro Nacional de Supercomputación is a public research center located in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It hosts MareNostrum, a 13.7 Petaflops, Intel Xeon Platinum-based supercomputer, which also includes clusters of emerging technologies. In June 2017, it ranked 13th in the world.
David A. Bader is a Professor, Chair of the School of Computational Science and Engineering, and Executive Director of High-Performance Computing in the Georgia Tech College of Computing. In addition, Bader was selected as the director of the first Sony Toshiba IBM Center of Competence for the Cell Processor at the Georgia Institute of Technology. He is an IEEE Fellow, AAAS Fellow, National Science Foundation CAREER Award recipient and an IEEE Computer Society Distinguished Speaker. Bader is a leading expert in data sciences. His main areas of research are in at the intersection of high-performance computing and real-world applications, including cybersecurity, massive-scale analytics, and computational genomics.
United States federal research funders use the term cyberinfrastructure to describe research environments that support advanced data acquisition, data storage, data management, data integration, data mining, data visualization and other computing and information processing services distributed over the Internet beyond the scope of a single institution. In scientific usage, cyberinfrastructure is a technological and sociological solution to the problem of efficiently connecting laboratories, data, computers, and people with the goal of enabling derivation of novel scientific theories and knowledge.
Larry Lee Smarr is a physicist and leader in scientific computing, supercomputer applications, and Internet infrastructure at the University of California, San Diego. Smarr has been among the most important synthesizers and conductors of innovation, discovery, and commercialization of new technologies — including areas as disparate as the Web browser and personalized medicine. In his career, Smarr has made pioneering breakthroughs in research on black holes, spearheaded the use of supercomputers for academic research, and presided over some of the major innovations that created the modern Internet. For nearly 20 years, he has been building a new model for academic research based on interdisciplinary collaboration.
The Electronic Visualization Laboratory (EVL) is a cross-disciplinary research lab at the University of Illinois at Chicago. It brings together faculty and students from the Art and Computer Science departments of UIC. The primary areas of research are in computer graphics, high-performance computer networking, and technological art.
The Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC) is a high performance computing and networking center founded in 1986. PSC is a joint effort of Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh together with Westinghouse Electric Company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. The center's Scientific Directors are Dr. Ralph Roskies of the University of Pittsburgh and Dr. Michael Levine of Carnegie Mellon University.
The TOP500 project ranks and details the 500 most powerful non-distributed computer systems in the world. The project was started in 1993 and publishes an updated list of the supercomputers twice a year. The first of these updates always coincides with the International Supercomputing Conference in June, and the second is presented at the ACM/IEEE Supercomputing Conference in November. The project aims to provide a reliable basis for tracking and detecting trends in high-performance computing and bases rankings on HPL, a portable implementation of the high-performance LINPACK benchmark written in Fortran for distributed-memory computers.
The Institute for Computing in Humanities, Arts, and Social Science (I-CHASS) at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign was established in 2005 to conduct leading-edge research at the intersection of high performance computing and humanities, arts, and social science scholarship. I-CHASS is hosted by the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) and maintains strategic partnerships with NCSA, the Great Lakes Consortium for Petascale Computation (GLCPC), and the Illinois Informatics Institute (I3). Through its work on identifying, creating, and adapting computational tools that accelerate research and education, it engages scholars from the University of Illinois and from across the globe to demonstrate approaches to next-generation interdisciplinary research with high performance computing.
The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering research in combinatorial mathematics.
Charbel Farhat is the Vivian Church Hoff Professor of Aircraft Structures in the School of Engineering at Stanford University, where he is also Chairman of the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Professor in the Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Director of the Army High Performance Computing Research Center, and Director of the King Abdulaziz City of Science and Technology Center of Excellence for Aeronautics and Astronautics. He also serves on the United States Air Force Scientific Advisory Board (SAB), and on the Space Technology Industry-Government-University Roundtable. He has previously served on the technical assessment boards of several national and international research councils and foundations, and on the United States Bureau of Industry and Security's Emerging Technology and Research Advisory Committee (ETRAC) at the United States Department of Commerce.
James Weldon Demmel is an American mathematician and computer scientist, the Dr. Richard Carl Dehmel Distinguished Professor of Mathematics and Computer Science at the University of California, Berkeley.
Can Erol Ergenekan is an Olympic butterfly swimmer with dual-citizenship from Turkey and United States. He trained with Tualatin Hills, Galatasaray, and the University of Minnesota swim teams. During his time with the University of Minnesota swim team, Ergenekan was a three time All-American and graduated with a Bachelor of Science in biochemistry. Currently he resides in Portland, Oregon, and is competing for the Multnomah Athletic Club on their United States Masters Swimming team.
The high performance supercomputing program started in mid-to-late 1980s in Pakistan. Supercomputing is a recent area of Computer science in which Pakistan has made progress, driven in part by the growth of the information technology age in the country. Developing on the ingenious supercomputer program started in 1980s when the deployment of the Cray supercomputers was initially denied.
Guang R. Gao is a computer scientist and a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Delaware. Gao is a founder and Chief Scientist of ETI.
