Hammarstedtska skolan

Last updated

Hammarstedtska skolan (Hammarstedt School), also known as Hammarstedtska flickpensionen (Hammarstedt Girl's Pension) and Hammarstedtska pensionen (Hammarstedt Pension) was a Swedish Girls' school, active for most of the 19th century in Stockholm. It was regarded as one of the most exclusive of its kind in 19th-century Stockholm. The school was named after its principals, and therefore changed name several times: from the 1830s until 1881, it was therefore named as Bjurströmska pensionen (Bjurström Pension), Kockska pensionen (Kock Pension), Posseska pensionen (Posse Pension) and, finally, as Hammarstedtska pensionen (Hammarstedt Pension).

Contents

History

Bjurströmska pensionen

The school was founded by the niece and heir of Sophie Hagman, mamsell Augusta Bjurström, and called Bjurströmska pensionen (Bjurström Pension) after her. It attracted clients from the upper classes and was regarded as the most prominent educational institution for females in Stockholm in the 1830s. As such it was a successor of the Johanna Lohm's school. It was the foremost competitor to Wallinska skolan , which was founded in 1831.

The school was a typical example of the contemporary conventional girls' school and was in actuality a finishing school focused on accomplishments. When Olof Fryxell was engaged as a teacher at the school, he left the school after a conflict with the students' parents, who were opposed to him introducing the subject of human anatomy and the art of ice skating.

Among its students were Sophie Adlersparre, who was a pupil there in 1836–1838, and Ebba Ramsay.

Kockska pensionen

In the 1840s, the Bjurströmska pensionen was taken over by Sophie Antoinette Kock from Germany, and called Kockska pensionen (Kock Pension) after her.

During the tenure of Kock, the school was renowned for its high quality in language education. At the time, languages was the foremost criteria for an educated woman, and Kock offered education in German, French and English, all offered by teachers from the respective countries in question. Kock employed university educated (male) teachers in most of the subjects.

The school was somewhat progressive for its time. No education was offered in needlework, which was otherwise a compulsory subject in schools for girls, and the education was considered of high quality for a girls' school. However, the method was still merely education by listening, and no homework was given.

Posseska pensionen

In 1852, the Kockska pensionen was taken over by the unmarried noblewoman Sophia Posse, and called Posseska pensionen (Posse Pension) after her.

Sophia Posse was a student of Cecilia Fryxell, had been active as a teacher at the school of Fryxell and educated on a government scholarship in Germany, where she studied the educational methods in Christiansfeld and the work of Amalia Sieweking in Hamburg. Posse was recommended for her passion for education and religion. Her school offered elementary subjects with focus on Christianity and language, and her methods were listening and practical use. She also employed university educated (male) teachers in most of the subjects.

Hammarstedtska skolan

In 1855, the Posseska pensionen was taken over by Frederique Hammarstedt, also a student of Cecilia Fryxell, and called Hammarstedtska pensionen (Hammarstedt Pension) after her.

During Hammarstedt's tenure the school was referred to as one of the most fashionable of its kind in 1860s Stockholm. It received about 100 students, many of them boarding students, from both Sweden and Finland. Still foremost a finishing school, it kept its good reputation in the subject of language, and continued to employ a majority of university educated (male) teachers. During the late 1850s, it offered three two years-classes with the subjects of religion, Swedish, German, French, English, geography, Swedish history, history, natural science, arithmetic, drawing, singing and gymnastics, many of them with highly respected teachers. The school was regarded as progressive for its kind: while girls' schools offered a foreign language, they generally only offered French while Hammarstedt offered also German and English, its German language classes being particularly renowned under its teacher Johannes Rohtlieb  [ sv ]. Furthermore, Hammarstedt introduced hygiene, that is to say gymnastics, as soon as the 1850s, which was, at the time, radical.

Nevertheless, the school was still characterized as a conventional girls' school, with the goal of fostering girls as ideal ladies, wives and mothers rather than to achieve academic goals. Frederique Hammarstedt was commended for her ability to create a homelike atmosphere at the school, and for her strict adherence to the state church during a time when the Free churches spread rapidly, which concerned many conservatives.

In the 1870s, however, the school adjusted itself in accordance with the recommendations of the Girls' School Committee of 1866 and became an 8th class girls' school like the Royal Normal School for Girls of the Royal Seminary, and was thus transformed from a finishing school to a serious academic secondary girls' school.

Frederique Hammarstedt closed the school in 1881, and as it was not taken over by anyone else, the school was finally closed after about a half a century as the most fashionable school in Stockholm.

Among its famous students were the philanthropist Agda Montelius, the writer Gurli Linder and the artist Anna Billing.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sophie Adlersparre</span> Publisher, editor, writer and womens rights activist

Carin Sophie Adlersparre, known under the pen-name Esselde was one of the pioneers of the 19th-century women's rights movement in Sweden. She was the founder and editor of the first women's magazine in Scandinavia, Home Review, in 1859–1885; co-founder of Friends of Handicraft in 1874–1887; founder of the Fredrika Bremer Association (Fredrika-Bremer-förbundet) in 1884; and one of the first two women to be a member of a state committee in Sweden in 1885.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rosalie Olivecrona</span> Swedish feminist activist and writer

Rosalie Ulrika Olivecrona, née Roos, was a Swedish feminist activist and writer. She is one of the three great pioneers of the organized women's rights movement in Sweden, alongside Fredrika Bremer and Sophie Adlersparre.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cecilia Fryxell</span> Swedish educator (1806–1883)

Ulrica Cecilia Fryxell was a Swedish educator and principal, regarded as a pioneer within the education of girls in Sweden. The girls' school in Sweden from the mid-19th century onward was influenced by her methods.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agda Montelius</span> Swedish philanthropist

Agda Georgina Dorothea Alexandra Montelius née Reuterskiöld was a Swedish philanthropist and feminist. She was a leading figure of the Swedish philanthropy, active for the struggle of women's suffrage, and chairman of the Fredrika Bremer Association in 1903–1920.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ellen Fries</span> Swedish writer

Ellen Fries was a Swedish feminist and writer. She became the first female Ph.D. in Sweden in 1883. She was also involved in founding several women's organizations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anna Whitlock</span> Swedish reformer and suffragette (1852–1930)

Anna Whitlock was a Swedish reform pedagogue, journalist, suffragette and feminist. She was co-founder and twice chairperson of the National Association for Women's Suffrage. She was also the co-founder of the women's cooperative food association Kvinnornas Andelsförening Svenska Hem.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wallinska skolan</span> Swedish girls school

Wallinska skolan or Wallinska flickskolan, was a girls' school in Stockholm, Sweden. Active from 1831 to 1939, it was one of the first five schools in Sweden to offer serious academic education and secondary education to female students. In 1870, it became the first gymnasium for females in Sweden, and in 1874, it became the first girls' school that was permitted to administer the Studentexamen to female students.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Karin Åhlin</span> Swedish teacher, school founder (1830–1899)

Karin Dorothea Wilhelmina Åhlin was a Swedish educator. She was the founder and director of the Åhlinska skolan in Stockholm, and its principal from 1847 to 1899.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emilie Risberg</span> Swedish writer and reform pedagogue

Emilie Charlotta Risberg was a Swedish writer and reform pedagogue. She founded the Risbergska skolan in Örebro, and served as its principal in 1863-1878. Emilie Risberg is regarded as an important member of the pioneers of girl's education in the mid 19th century Sweden, who reformed the education of girls by establishing girls' schools which offered proper academic education for females, in contrast to the earlier girl's pensions shallow education.

Societetsskolan i Göteborg för döttrar or simply Societetsskolan, was a Swedish girls' school managed by the congregation of the Moravian Church in Gothenburg from 1 November 1787 until 1857. It is referred to as the first girls' school in Sweden, because it was the first institution to provide serious academic secondary education to females.

Johanna Juliana Josefa Lohm née Pechlin von Löwenbach was a Swedish Baroness and educator. She was the founder and principal of a Girls' School in Stockholm which was active for about fifty years, until her death, and long counted as the most fashionable of its kind during the reign of Gustav III of Sweden.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anna Sandström</span>

Anna Maria Carolina Sandström was a Swedish feminist, reform pedagogue and a pioneer within the educational system of her country. She is referred to as the leading reform pedagogue within female education in Sweden in the late 19th century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thorborg Rappe</span> Swedish pedagogue

Thorborg Ragnhild Rappe, was a Swedish pedagogue and Baroness. Alongside Emanuella Carlbeck, she is counted as a pioneer in the education of students with intellectual disability in Sweden, and she represented her country at the 1893 Congress of Women in Chicago.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aurore Storckenfeldt</span> Swedish reform pedagogue

Hedvig Amalia Aurora "Aurore" Storckenfeldt was a Swedish reform pedagogue. She founded the Storckenfeldtska skolan in Jönköping, and served as its principal in 1847–1891, during which time it was regarded as one of the best educational institutions for females in the nation. Storckenfeldt is regarded as an important member of the pioneers of girl's education in the mid 19th century Sweden, who reformed the education of girls by establishing girls' schools which offered proper academic education for females, in contrast to the earlier girl's pensions shallow education.

Wilhelmina "Mina" Josephson, was a Swedish pianist. She was regarded as one of the most notable concert pianists in contemporary Sweden. She had several well known pupils. She is also known as a friend of Jenny Lind.

Askersunds flickskola, was a Swedish girls' school in Askersund, active from 1812 until 1906. It was the second school in Sweden to offer secondary education to female students. Formally, Askersunds flickskola was a branch of the Askersund secondary educational school for boys. The schools were formally referred to as Prins Oscars goss- och flickläroverk.

Fredrique Hammarstedt (1823-1901) was a Swedish educator.

Hilda Wilhelmina Josefina Caselli, or Casselli was a Swedish reform educator. She played an important role in the debate of educational issues and women's education in Sweden in the late 19th century. She served as principal of the Statens normalskola för flickor and vice principal of the Högre lärarinneseminariet, and became the founder of the regular national girls' school meetings, Flickskolemöte, in 1879.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gurli Linder</span> Swedish writer and feminist

Ane Gurli Linder née Peterson (1865–1947) was a Swedish writer and feminist who was active in Stockholm's social life in the late 19th century when she also encouraged women to become more directly involved in culture. A strong supporter of libraries and reading, she later played an important role in pioneering the promotion and development of children's literature.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sigrid Leijonhufvud</span> Swedish author, historian, and feminist

Sigrid Amalia Leijonhufvud was a Swedish author, historian, and feminist, who is best known for authoring biographies of historical women. She was granted membership in the Samfundet De Nio and was awarded the Swedish royal medal Litteris et Artibus in recognition of her writing career.

References