Related Research Articles
PARC is a research and development company in Palo Alto, California. It was founded in 1969 by Jacob E. "Jack" Goldman, chief scientist of Xerox Corporation, as a division of Xerox, tasked with creating computer technology-related products and hardware systems.
Xerox Holdings Corporation is an American corporation that sells print and digital document products and services in more than 160 countries. Xerox is headquartered in Norwalk, Connecticut, though it is incorporated in New York with its largest population of employees based around Rochester, New York, the area in which the company was founded. The company purchased Affiliated Computer Services for $6.4 billion in early 2010. As a large developed company, it is consistently placed in the list of Fortune 500 companies.
Xerox art is an art form that began in the 1960s. Prints are created by putting objects on the glass, or platen, of a copying machine and by pressing "start" to produce an image. If the object is not flat, or the cover does not totally cover the object, or the object is moved, the resulting image is distorted in some way. The curvature of the object, the amount of light that reaches the image surface, and the distance of the cover from the glass, all affect the final image. Often, with proper manipulation, rather ghostly images can be made. Basic techniques include: Direct Imaging, the copying of items placed on the platen ; Still Life Collage, a variation of direct imaging with items placed on the platen in a collage format focused on what is in the foreground/background; Overprinting, the technique of constructing layers of information, one over the previous, by printing onto the same sheet of paper more than once; Copy Overlay, a technique of working with or interfering in the color separation mechanism of a color copier; Colorizing, vary color density and hue by adjusting the exposure and color balance controls; Degeneration is a copy of a copy degrading the image as successive copies are made; Copy Motion, the creation of effects by moving an item or image on the platen during the scanning process. Each machine also creates different effects.
The International Paper Company is an American pulp and paper company, the largest such company in the world. It has approximately 56,000 employees, and is headquartered in Memphis, Tennessee.
Domtar Corporation is a North American pulp and paper company that manufactures and markets wood fiber-based pulp and paper products. The company operates pulp mills and paper mills in Windsor, Quebec; Dryden, Ontario; Kamloops, British Columbia; Ashdown, Arkansas; Hawesville, Kentucky; Plymouth, North Carolina; Marlboro County, South Carolina; and Kingsport, Tennessee. While Domtar operated independently for several decades and was listed on the Toronto and New York stock exchanges, the company was acquired by Paper Excellence Group in November 2021 and has since operated as a subsidiary.
Fraser Papers Inc. was a Toronto, Ontario, Canada-based manufacturer of specialized printing, publishing, and converting papers, with customers in Canada and the United States. It managed more than two million acres (8,000 km²) of forest, operated a tree nursery, and sawmills. It was spun off as a public company in 2004 by parent Nexfor Inc., which became Norbord at the same time. Its stock traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange, under the symbol FPS.
A hammer mill is a mill whose purpose is to shred or crush aggregate material into smaller pieces by the repeated blows of small hammers. These machines have numerous industrial applications, including:
The Xerox 914 was the first successful commercial plain paper copier. Introduced in 1959 by the Haloid/Xerox company, it revolutionized the document-copying industry. The culmination of inventor Chester Carlson's work on the xerographic process, the 914 was fast and economical. The copier was introduced to the public on September 16, 1959, in a demonstration at the Sherry-Netherland Hotel in New York, shown on live television.
Union Camp Corporation was an American pulp and paper company and a private owner of timberland in the United States. In 1999 it was acquired by International Paper.
Penn State Erie, The Behrend College, officially known as the Pennsylvania State University at Erie, The Behrend College and often shortened as Penn State Behrend, is a public satellite campus of Penn State University and is located just outside Erie, Pennsylvania. It is among the largest of Penn State's commonwealth campuses, with about 4,400 students enrolled in Behrend programs on campus and online. The college offers more than 40 undergraduate majors in four academic schools: The Sam and Irene Black School of Business, the School of Engineering, the School of Humanities and Social Sciences, and the School of Science, which includes the Nursing Program. Penn State Behrend also offers five master's degrees, as well as a diverse range of continuing education trainings through its Community and Workforce Programs.
A photocopier is a machine that makes copies of documents and other visual images onto paper or plastic film quickly and cheaply. Most modern photocopiers use a technology called xerography, a dry process that uses electrostatic charges on a light-sensitive photoreceptor to first attract and then transfer toner particles onto paper in the form of an image. The toner is then fused onto the paper using heat, pressure, or a combination of both. Copiers can also use other technologies, such as inkjet, but xerography is standard for office copying.
The Allegheny Railroad was an American railroad company operating in northwestern Pennsylvania.
Crown Zellerbach was an American pulp and paper conglomerate based in San Francisco, California, purchased in a hostile takeover in 1985. Most of its pulp and paper assets were sold to James River Corporation, now part of Georgia-Pacific.
Horace Augustus Moses (1863-1947) was a prominent industrialist and profound social engineer who founded Mittineague Paper Company in West Springfield, Massachusetts, which later became Strathmore Paper Company. He is also noted for his involvement in forming Junior Achievement and for property transactions with the Boy Scouts of America. Moses was also an active member of the board at Green Mountain Junior College. Moses Hall, on the campus of Green Mountain College is named for Mr. Moses, whose donations helped build the hall in 1912, and keep it up for many years after his death.
Paul Alec Bilzerian is an American businessman and corporate takeover specialist.
Mary Behrend, whose husband Ernst Behrend co-founded the Hammermill Paper Company in 1898, donated the land that later became Penn State Erie, The Behrend College.
Watercolor paper is paper or substrate onto which an artist applies watercolor paints, pigments, or dyes. Many types of watercolour papers that are manufactured for the use of watercolors are currently available. Watercolor paper can be made of wood pulp exclusively, or mixed with cotton fibers. Pure cotton watercolor paper is also used by artists, though it typically costs more than pulp-based paper. It is also available as an acid-free medium to help its preservation.
James River Corporation was an American pulp and paper company based in Richmond, Virginia, once the largest paper manufacturer in the world.
IBM Office Products Division (OPD) manufactured and sold copier equipment and supplies from 1970 till IBM withdrew from the copier market in 1988. IBM's decision to compete in this market resulted in the first commercial use of an organic photoconductor now widely used in most photocopiers. It is often held up as an example of a corporate u-turn, where a company rejects a technology and then adopts it. It showed that despite the size of IBM's sales and engineering organisations, this did not guarantee success in every market it chose to compete in. The development effort that resulted in the IBM Copier helped in the development of IBMs first laser printer, the IBM 3800.`
On October 23, 1967, a mass shooting occurred at several locations in Clinton County, Pennsylvania, United States. The gunman, 40-year-old Leo Held, opened fire at his workplace in Lock Haven, the William T. Piper Memorial Airport, and the home of one of his neighbors in Loganton, killing six people and wounding six others. Held then engaged in a shootout with police, was mortally wounded, and died two days later in the hospital.
References
- ↑ "International Paper Company Announces Completion of Sylvamo Corporation Spin-Off" (Press release). Memphis, Tennessee: International Paper. PR Newswire. 2021-10-21. Retrieved 2024-01-12.
- ↑ "Penn State Archives Hammermill Collection". Archived from the original on 2014-09-26. Retrieved 2014-10-03.
- 1 2 3 4 "Hammermill History". www.internationalpaper.com. Archived from the original on 2014-10-06. Retrieved 2014-10-03.
- ↑ "The History of Strathmore Artist Papers - Strathmore Artist Papers". www.strathmoreartist.com.
- ↑ Crudele, John (25 July 1986). "Hammerhill Gets Bid of $722 Million". The New York Times.
- ↑ Crudele, John; Wedemeyer, Dee (14 August 1986). "BUSINESS PEOPLE; Hammermill President Adjusting to Takeover". The New York Times.
- ↑ Pashakis, Ioannis (2017-10-23). "Mass slaying shocked community 50 years ago". Williamsport Sun-Gazette . Retrieved 2024-03-25.
