Related Research Articles
McCarthyism, also known as the Second Red Scare, was the political repression and persecution of left-wing individuals and a campaign spreading fear of communist and Soviet influence on American institutions and of Soviet espionage in the United States during the late 1940s through the 1950s. After the mid-1950s, U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy, who had spearheaded the campaign, gradually lost his public popularity and credibility after several of his accusations were found to be false. The U.S. Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren made a series of rulings on civil and political rights that overturned several key laws and legislative directives, and helped bring an end to the Second Red Scare. Historians have suggested since the 1980s that as McCarthy's involvement was less central than that of others, a different and more accurate term should be used instead that more accurately conveys the breadth of the phenomenon, and that the term McCarthyism is, in the modern day, outdated. Ellen Schrecker has suggested that Hooverism, after FBI Head J. Edgar Hoover, is more appropriate.
Madalyn Murray O'Hair was an American activist supporting atheism and separation of church and state. In 1963, she founded American Atheists and served as its president until 1986, after which her son Jon Garth Murray succeeded her. She created the first issues of American Atheist Magazine and identified as a "militant feminist".
Anne Revere was an American actress and a liberal member of the board of the Screen Actors' Guild. She was best known for her work on Broadway and her portrayals of mothers in a series of critically acclaimed films. An outspoken critic of the House Un-American Activities Committee, her name appeared in Red Channels: The Report on Communist Influence in Radio and Television in 1950 and she was subsequently blacklisted.
The National Guardian, later known as The Guardian, was a left-wing independent weekly newspaper established in 1948 in New York City. The paper was founded by James Aronson, Cedric Belfrage and John T. McManus in connection with the 1948 Presidential campaign of Henry A. Wallace under the Progressive Party banner. Although independent and often critical of all political parties, the National Guardian is thought to have been initially close to the ideological orbit of the pro-Moscow Communist Party USA, but this suspected association quickly broke down in the course of several years.
The Committee for the First Amendment was an action group formed in September 1947 by actors in support of the Hollywood Ten during the hearings of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC). It was founded by screenwriter Philip Dunne, actress Myrna Loy, and film directors John Huston and William Wyler.
Howard E. Koch was an American playwright and screenwriter who was blacklisted by the Hollywood film studio bosses in the 1950s.
Lionel Jay Stander was an American actor, activist, and a founding member of the Screen Actors Guild. He had an extensive career in theatre, film, radio, and television that spanned nearly 70 years, from 1928 until 1994. He was known for his distinctive raspy voice and tough-guy demeanor, as well as for his vocal left-wing political stances. One of the first Hollywood actors to be subpoenaed before the House Un-American Activities Committee, he was blacklisted from the late 1940s until the mid-1960s.
Mary R. Stalcup Markward was for seven years a member of the Washington, DC "District Communist Party" as director of the party's membership. She was actually working undercover for the FBI.
The Progressive Party was a left-wing political party in the United States that served as a vehicle for the campaign of Henry A. Wallace, a former vice president, to become President of the United States in 1948. The party sought racial desegregation, the establishment of a national health insurance system, an expansion of the welfare system, and the nationalization of the energy industry. The party also sought conciliation with the Soviet Union during the early stages of the Cold War.
Raymond Joseph Cannon was an attorney, baseball player and Democratic politician who represented Wisconsin's 4th congressional district in the Congress from 1933 to 1939.
Progressive Citizens of America (PCA) was a social-democratic and democratic socialist American political organization formed in December 1946 that advocated progressive policies, which worked with the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) and allegedly the Communist Party USA (CPUSA), as a precursor to the 1948 incarnation of the Progressive Party. It also led to formation of a counter group called Americans for Democratic Action (ADA), formed in January 1947 with progressive domestic views but anti-communist and interventionist foreign policy views, that split liberals and nearly cost Harry S. Truman the 1948 US Presidential Election. The organization was dissolved in 1948.
John Berry was an American film director, who went into exile in France when his career was interrupted by the Hollywood blacklist.
The Hollywood blacklist was an entertainment industry blacklist put in effect in the mid-20th century in the United States during the early years of the Cold War, in Hollywood and elsewhere. Actors, screenwriters, directors, musicians, and other American entertainment professionals were barred from work by the studios.
Marshall "Eddie" Conway was an American black nationalist who was a leading member of the Baltimore chapter of the Black Panther Party. He was convicted in 1971 for the murder of a police officer a year earlier in a trial with many irregularities. In 2014 he was released on parole after an appellate court ruled that his jury had been given improper instructions.
Benjamin Norman Schultz, known professionally as Allan Rich, was an American character actor.
Trumbo is a 2015 American biographical drama film directed by Jay Roach and written by John McNamara. The film stars Bryan Cranston, Diane Lane, Helen Mirren, Louis C.K., Elle Fanning, John Goodman, Michael Stuhlbarg as Edward G. Robinson, Dean O'Gorman as Kirk Douglas, and David James Elliott as John Wayne. The film follows the life of Hollywood screenwriter Dalton Trumbo, and is based on the 1977 biography Dalton Trumbo by Bruce Alexander Cook.
Joseph Forer was a 20th-century American attorney who, with partner David Rein, supported Progressive causes, including discriminated communists and African-Americans. Forer was one of the founders of the National Lawyers Guild and its DC chapter. He was also an expert in the "Lost Laws" of Washington, DC, enacted in 1872–1873, that outlawed segregation at business places.
Maurice Braverman (1916–2002) was a 20th-century American civil rights lawyer and some-time Communist Party member who was convicted in 1952 under the Smith Act, served 28 of 36 months, then immediately faced disbarment, against which he fought in the 1970s and won reinstatement in Maryland (1974) and federal courts (1975).
The Communist Party of Maryland is the regional party of the Communist Party USA in the state of Maryland. Maryland's Communist Party was founded in 1919, the same year as the national party was founded, and is still in operation with its headquarters in Downtown Baltimore.
Al Lannon (1907-1969), born Albert Vetere, was an Italian-American leader in the Communist Party USA and a co-founder of the National Maritime Union (NMU), best known for organizing and activism for American labor unions on behalf of merchant mariners and stevedores (1930-1955).
References
- 1 2 3 Pederson, Vernon, L. (2001). The Communist Party In Maryland, 1919-1957. Champaign, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. pp. 156 (PCA), 157 (Wallace), 158 (PP state director), 172–180 (Bravermen et al.). ISBN 9780252023217 . Retrieved 5 August 2017.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ Baum, Gary; Miller, Daniel (19 November 2012). "The Hollywood Reporter, After 65 Years, Addresses Role in Blacklist". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 5 August 2017.
- ↑ Wilkerson, William R. (29 July 1946). "TradeView: A Vote For Joe Stalin". The Hollywood Reporter.
- ↑ "Un-American Activities". CQ Almanac. 1951. Retrieved 5 August 2017.
- ↑ Curtis Daniel MacDougall (1965). Gideon's Army: The campaign and the vote. Marzani & Munsell. p. 583. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ↑ Hearings Relating to Communist Activities in the Defense Area of Baltimore–Part 1. US GPO for the Committee on Un-American Activities, U.S. House of Representatives. 1951. pp. 812 (Henderson), 822 (Gran), 846 (Lee), 869 (Kandel), 879 (Fox), 900 (Seif), 901 (Winkler), 905 (Silverberg), 940 (Shub). Retrieved 5 August 2017.
- ↑ Royal Wilbur France (1957). My Native Grounds. Cameron Associates. p. 111. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ↑ Eric L. Goldstein; Deborah R. Weiner (2018). On Middle Ground: A History of the Jews of Baltimore. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 294. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ↑ Jim Forest (2017). At Play in the Lions' Den: A Biography and Memoir of Daniel Berrigan. Orbis Books. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ↑ Shawn Francis Peters (2012). The Catonsville Nine: A Story of Faith and Resistance in the Vietnam Era. Oxford University Press. pp. 137–9, 163–4, 218, 232–3, 255–6, 262, 286, 289. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ↑ "Prosecutor Says New York Lawyer Ordered the Slaying of Panther". New York Times. 17 June 1971. Retrieved 5 August 2017.
- ↑ Charles Earl Jones (1998). The Black Panther Party (reconsidered). Black Classic Press. p. 117 (Turco) 125-6, 131 (fn 6 Turco), 132 (fn 22). Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ↑ Murray, William J. (1982). My Life without God. T. Nelson. pp. 21–22. ISBN 0840752563.
- ↑ Ann Rowe Seaman (2005). America's Most Hated Woman: The Life and Gruesome Death of Madalyn Murray O'Hair. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 47. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ↑ "Barbara Mello, 71, attorney for ACLU and law teacher". Baltimore Sun. 18 February 2004. Retrieved 1 August 2024.