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Samba is a name or prefix used for several rhythmic variants, such as samba urbano carioca, samba de roda, amongst many other forms of samba, mostly originated in the Rio de Janeiro and Bahia states. Samba is a broad term for many of the rhythms that compose the better known Brazilian music genres that originated in the Afro-Brazilian communities of Bahia in the late 19th century and early 20th century, having continued its development on the communities of Rio de Janeiro in the early 20th century. Having its roots in Brazilian folk traditions, especially those linked to the primitive rural samba of the colonial and imperial periods, is considered one of the most important cultural phenomena in Brazil and one of the country symbols. Present in the Portuguese language at least since the 19th century, the word "samba" was originally used to designate a "popular dance". Over time, its meaning has been extended to a "batuque-like circle dance", a dance style, and also to a "music genre". This process of establishing itself as a musical genre began in the 1910s and it had its inaugural landmark in the song "Pelo Telefone", launched in 1917. Despite being identified by its creators, the public, and the Brazilian music industry as "samba", this pioneering style was much more connected from the rhythmic and instrumental point of view to maxixe than to samba itself.
Rio de Janeiro is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil. It has the second largest economy of Brazil, with the largest being that of the state of São Paulo. The state, which has 8.2% of the Brazilian population, is responsible for 9.2% of the Brazilian GDP.
The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), alternatively known as University of Brazil, is a public research university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is the largest federal university in the country and is one of the Brazilian centers of excellence in teaching and research.
José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva was a Brazilian statesman, naturalist, mineralist, professor and poet, born in Santos, São Paulo, then part of the Portuguese Empire.
Nelson Pereira dos Santos was a Brazilian film director. He directed films such as Vidas Secas, based on the book with the same name by Brazilian writer Graciliano Ramos.
Abdias do Nascimento was a prominent African Brazilian scholar, artist, and politician. Also a poet, dramatist, and Pan-African activist, Nascimento created the Black Experimental Theater (1944) and the Black Arts Museum (1950), organized the National Convention of Brazilian Blacks (1946), the First Congress of Brazilian Blacks (1950), and the Third Congress of Black Culture in the Americas (1982). Professor Emeritus, State University of New York at Buffalo, he was the first Afro-Brazilian member of Congress to champion black people's human and civil rights in the National Legislature, where in 1983 he presented the first Brazilian proposals for affirmative action legislation. He served as Rio de Janeiro State Secretary for the Defense and Promotion of Afro-Brazilian People and Secretary of Human Rights and Citizenship. While working as curator of the Black Arts Museum project, he began developing his own creative work (painting), and from 1968 on, he exhibited widely in the U.S., Brazil and abroad. He received national and international honors for his work, including UNESCO's special Toussaint Louverture Award for contribution to the fight against racism, granted to him and to poet Aimé Césaire in 2004. He was officially nominated for the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize.
Sérgio Buarque de Holanda was a Brazilian historian, writer, journalist and sociologist. His greatest achievement was Raízes do Brasil, a landmark of Brazilian sociology, in which he developed the groundbreaking concept of the "cordial man" as the fundamental Brazilian identity. His son, Chico Buarque de Holanda is an accomplished singer-songwriter and novelist and his daughter Miúcha was also a famous singer. Buarque de Holanda was also a member of the Academia Paulista de Letras.
Carlos Chagas Filho was a Brazilian physician, biologist and scientist active in the field of neuroscience. He was internationally renowned for his investigations on the neural mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of electrogenesis by the electroplaques of electric fishes. He was also an important scientific leader, being one of the founders of the Biophysics Institute of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro and was also a president for 16 years of the Vatican's Pontifical Academy of Sciences, and president of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences (1965–1967).
The Republicans, formerly the Brazilian Republican Party and originally formed as the Municipalist Renewal Party, is a Brazilian political party. Its electoral number, the numerical assignment for Brazilian political parties, is 10.
Miguel Pereira is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. This city is located in a mountainous area and has gotten the title of climatic health resort. This municipality is known for its climate, rivers, water falls and the cleanliness of the water. Miguel Pereira supplies Baixada Fluminense and a great part of the city of Rio de Janeiro with potable water.
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Epitácio Lindolfo da Silva Pessoa was a Brazilian politician and jurist who served as 11th president of Brazil between 1919 and 1922, when Rodrigues Alves was unable to take office due to illness, after being elected in 1918. His period of government was marked by military revolts that would culminate in the Revolution of 1930, which brought Getúlio Vargas into control of the federal government.
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The Federal Institute of Rio de Janeiro, or in full: Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro is an institution that offers high and professional educations by having a pluricurricular form. It is a multicampi institution, specialising with professional and technological education in different areas of knowledge . It was known previously as Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Química de Nilópolis. IFRJ is a federal institution, public, directly vinculated to the Ministry of Education of Brazil.
Martim Francisco Ribeiro de Andrada was a Brazilian association football coach. He is widely credited with the invention of the 4–2–4 formation when guiding his first club, the Villa Nova AC of Nova Lima, to the State Championship of Minas Gerais in 1951. He won further state championships with Atlético Mineiro of Belo Horizonte in 1953, CR Vasco da Gama of Rio de Janeiro in 1956 and SE Gama of Brasília in 1979. Other clubs he coached include Corinthians, Cruzeiro, America FC of Rio de Janeiro and Athletic Bilbao in Spain. With Bangu AC he won the State Champions' Cup of 1967.
Maria da Conceição Tavares was a Portuguese naturalized Brazilian economist. She was a full professor at the State University of Campinas (Unicamp) and professor emeritus of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Her students included the former president of Brazil, Dilma Rousseff. Tavares was affiliated with the Workers' Party, and she was a Federal Deputy representing the state of Rio de Janeiro between 1995 and 1999. Left-wing focused, she was the author of several books on Brazil's economic development as well as numerous journal articles.
Hélio Gelli Pereira was a Brazilian-British virologist specialising in adenoviruses. Pereira was a co-recipient of the 1988 UNESCO Carlos J. Finlay Prize for Microbiology and was known for his work on the book, Viruses of Vertebrates. He contributed to several areas of virology in research and international public service.
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Lauro Pereira Travassos was a Brazilian parasitologist. He collected helminth specimens from across South America and studied their life-histories. He built a Brazilian school of parasitology through his students. His son Lauro Pereira Travassos Filho (1918–1989) became an entomologist while another son Haroldo Pereira became an ichthyologist.
References
- 1 2 "In memoriam Professor Haroldo Pereira Travassos" (PDF). Arquivos de Ciências do Mar. Fortaleza (in Portuguese). 17 (1). Universidade Federal do Ceará. 1977. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
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