Hawk's Nest (novel)

Last updated

Hawk's Nest is a novel written by West Virginia author Hubert Skidmore, published in 1941. A fictionalized account of one of America's greatest industrial disasters, it is an account of the Hawks Nest Tunnel Disaster in which hundreds or thousands of men were sickened and died as a result of silicosis they contracted while digging the tunnel under unsafe conditions. The novel follows the lives of many representative characters as their health begins to fail, and as their health complaints are ignored by Union Carbide, the contractor which dug the tunnel and installed the hydroelectric plant.

The characters in Hawk's Nest are broadly representative: ruined West Virginia farmers work alongside Dust Bowl refugees, eastern European immigrants and even middle class men ruined by the Depression. In the historical disaster, African American men accounted for the largest percentage of deaths, [1] [2] and Skidmore acknowledges that fact even though the African Americans in Hawk's Nest are secondary characters.

One of Skidmore's characters, a dying teenager, begs doctors to perform an autopsy on his body so that the cause of his illness can be discovered and so that other workers might be saved. In her 1938 poem "Book of the Dead," Muriel Rukeyser tells an identical story.

Hawk's Nest was republished in 2004 by the University of Tennessee Press and has gained some small amount of popularity since reappearing. An often repeated story claims that the book's first edition was pulled from many shelves due to pressure from Union Carbide Co., [3] the company responsible for the countless deaths recounted in the novel.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ansted, West Virginia</span> Town in West Virginia, United States

Ansted is a town in Fayette County in the U.S. state of West Virginia. The population was 1,404 at the 2010 census. It is situated on high bluffs along U.S. Route 60 on a portion of the Midland Trail near Hawks Nest overlooking the New River far below.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Buckhannon, West Virginia</span> City in West Virginia, United States

Buckhannon is the only incorporated city in, and the county seat of, Upshur County, West Virginia, United States. Located along the Buckhannon River, the population was 5,299 as of the 2020 census. The city is 46 miles (74 km) southwest of Morgantown, 88 miles (142 km) northeast of the capital city of Charleston, and 100 miles (160 km) south of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It is home to West Virginia Wesleyan College and the West Virginia Strawberry Festival, held annually during the third week of May.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bhopal disaster</span> 1984 gas-leak accident in Bhopal, India

The Bhopal disaster or Bhopal gas tragedy was a chemical accident on the night of 2–3 December 1984 at the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. In what is considered the world's worst industrial disaster, over 500,000 people in the small towns around the plant were exposed to the highly toxic gas methyl isocyanate (MIC). Estimates vary on the death toll, with the official number of immediate deaths being 2,259. In 2008, the Government of Madhya Pradesh paid compensation to the family members of 3,787 victims killed in the gas release, and to 574,366 injured victims. A government affidavit in 2006 stated that the leak caused 558,125 injuries, including 38,478 temporary partial injuries and approximately 3,900 severely and permanently disabling injuries. Others estimate that 8,000 died within two weeks, and another 8,000 or more have since died from gas-related diseases.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Melungeon</span> Mixed-race group from the South Central Appalachian region of the United States

Melungeons are one of the many tri-racial isolate populations originating in colonial Virginia primarily descended from free people of color and white settlers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Henry (folklore)</span> Folklore character

John Henry is an American folk hero. An African American freedman, he is said to have worked as a "steel-driving man"—a man tasked with hammering a steel drill into a rock to make holes for explosives to blast the rock in constructing a railroad tunnel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Union Carbide</span> American chemical company

Union Carbide Corporation (UCC) is an American chemical company. UCC is a wholly owned subsidiary of Dow Chemical Company. Union Carbide produces chemicals and polymers that undergo one or more further conversions by customers before reaching consumers. Some are high-volume commodities and others are specialty products meeting the needs of smaller markets. Markets served include paints and coatings, packaging, wire and cable, household products, personal care, pharmaceuticals, automotive, textiles, agriculture, and oil and gas. The company is a former component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Silicosis</span> Pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of silica, quartz or slate particles

Silicosis is a form of occupational lung disease caused by inhalation of crystalline silica dust. It is marked by inflammation and scarring in the form of nodular lesions in the upper lobes of the lungs. It is a type of pneumoconiosis. Silicosis, particularly the acute form, is characterized by shortness of breath, cough, fever, and cyanosis. It may often be misdiagnosed as pulmonary edema, pneumonia, or tuberculosis. Using workplace controls, silicosis is almost always a preventable disease.

A mining accident is an accident that occurs during the process of mining minerals or metals. Thousands of miners die from mining accidents each year, especially from underground coal mining, although accidents also occur in hard rock mining. Coal mining is considered much more hazardous than hard rock mining due to flat-lying rock strata, generally incompetent rock, the presence of methane gas, and coal dust. Most of the deaths these days occur in developing countries, and rural parts of developed countries where safety measures are not practiced as fully. A mining disaster is an incident where there are five or more fatalities.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hawks Nest, West Virginia</span> Mountain peak in West Virginia

Hawk's Nest, the site of Hawks Nest State Park, is a peak on Gauley Mountain in Ansted, West Virginia, USA. The cliffs at this point rise 585 ft above the New River. Located on the James River and Kanawha Turnpike, many early travelers on this road stopped to see the view of the river below. In modern times, the Midland Trail carries U.S. Route 60 through the same general route. Ample parking at the overlook in the state park provides tourists with free access to the views. English writer Harriet Martineau, who passed through the area in the 1830s, found the view at Hawk's Nest nearly as moving as Niagara Falls. Martineau also reported the legend that John Marshall, as a surveyor in his youth, had been its first white discoverer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hawks Nest Tunnel disaster</span> Tunnel in West Virginia where hundreds of workers contracted silicosis

The Hawks Nest Tunnel disaster was a large-scale incident of occupational lung disease in the 1930s as the result of the construction of the Hawks Nest Tunnel near Gauley Bridge, West Virginia, as part of a hydroelectric project. This project is considered to be one of the worst industrial disasters in American history.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States Bureau of Mines</span> Government agency for mineral resources

For most of the 20th century, the United States Bureau of Mines (USBM) was the primary United States government agency conducting scientific research and disseminating information on the extraction, processing, use, and conservation of mineral resources. The Bureau was abolished in 1996.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Page-Vawter House</span> Historic house in West Virginia, United States

Page-Vawter House in the town of Ansted in Fayette County, West Virginia was built in 1889-90 by company carpenters of the Gauley Mountain Coal Company for the family of William Nelson Page, who was company president. The palatial Victorian mansion is located on a knoll in the middle of town. William and Emma Page raised their four children there, attended by a staff of 8 servants.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hawks Nest State Park</span> State park in Fayette County, West Virginia

Hawks Nest State Park is located on 370 acres (150 ha) in Fayette County near Ansted, West Virginia. The park's clifftop overlook along U.S. Route 60 provides a scenic vista of the New River, some 750 feet below. The hydro-electric project tunnel that passes underneath nearby Gauley Mountain was the scene of the Depression-era Hawks Nest Tunnel disaster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Homer A. Holt</span> American politician (1898–1975)

Homer Adams Holt was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 20th governor of West Virginia from 1937 to 1941. Born in Lewisburg, West Virginia, he attended the Greenbrier Military School there and then went on to graduate from Washington and Lee University in 1918, where he was a member of the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity. After serving in the army during World War I, he returned to Washington and Lee in 1920 and studied law, receiving his degree in 1923. In 1924, he married Isabel Wood.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glen Ferris, West Virginia</span> Census-designated place in West Virginia, United States

Glen Ferris is a census-designated place (CDP) on the western bank of the Kanawha River in Fayette County, West Virginia, United States. It is situated approximately one mile south of the town of Gauley Bridge and adjacent to Kanawha Falls. The sole highway linking Glen Ferris to the area is U.S. Route 60, known also as the Midland Trail. As of the 2010 census, its population was 203; the community had 104 housing units, 87 of which were occupied. The village is roughly a mile and a half in length. Glen Ferris is home to two churches, one Apostolic and one Methodist. A railway owned by Norfolk Southern runs parallel to US Route 60 through the village.

Hubert Skidmore (1909–1946) was an American writer. His twin brother was novelist Hobert Skidmore, and he was married to the novelist Maritta Wolff, writer of Whistle Stop and a fellow student at the University of Michigan, in 1942. He died in a house fire in 1946. He is best known for his social protest novel Hawk's Nest, an account of the disaster at Gauley Bridge, West Virginia during the Great Depression.

<i>Animals People</i> 2007 novel by Indra Sinha

Animal's People is a novel by Indra Sinha. It was shortlisted for the 2007 Man Booker Prize and is the Winner of the 2008 Commonwealth Writers' Prize: Best Book From Europe & South Asia. Sinha's narrator is a 19-year-old orphan of Khaufpur, born a few days before the 1984 Bhopal disaster, whose spine has become so twisted that he must walk on all fours. Ever since he can remember, he has gone on all fours. Known to everyone simply as Animal, he rejects sympathy, spouts profanity and obsesses about sex. He lives with a crazy old French nun called Ma Franci, and his dog Jara. Also, he falls in love with a local musician's daughter, Nisha.

Falls View is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fayette County, West Virginia, United States. Falls View is located 4 miles (6.4 km) southwest of Gauley Bridge, on the north bank of the Kanawha River. As of the 2010 census, its population was 238. Falls View was established in the early 20th century as a residential village for managers from the Electro Metallurgical Co., part of the Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation. Electro Metallurgical operated four ferroalloy plants in the area, powered by hydroelectricity generated at the dam on Kanawha Falls.

The Fayette Tribune is a newspaper serving Oak Hill, West Virginia, and surrounding Fayette County. Published Monday and Thursday, it has a circulation of 1,093 and is owned by Community Newspaper Holdings.

<i>Saints and Villains</i> 1998 novel by Denise Giardina

Saints and Villains is a 1998 novel by Denise Giardina. It is a fictionalized biography of Dietrich Bonhoeffer, a German Lutheran pastor who opposed fascism, became involved in a plot to assassinate Hitler, and was ultimately hanged by the Nazis. Saints and Villains was awarded the Boston Book Review fiction prize and was semifinalist for the International Dublin Literary Award.

References

  1. Wills, Matthew (October 30, 2020). "Remembering the Disaster at Hawks Nest". JSTOR Daily. Archived from the original on June 14, 2024. Retrieved June 14, 2024.
  2. Box 246, Mailing Address: P. O.; Jean, 104 Main Street Glen; Us, WV 25846 Phone: 304-465-0508 Contact. "The Hawk's Nest Tunnel Disaster: Summersville, WV - New River Gorge National Park & Preserve (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Archived from the original on 2024-01-17. Retrieved 2024-06-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  3. "Hawk's Nest | University of Tennessee Press". Archived from the original on 2024-06-14. Retrieved 2024-06-14.