Haydee Campbell (died October 25, 1921) was an American educator, an advocate for kindergarten for African-American children. (Her first name is also spelled Haidee in some sources.)
Haydee Campbell (died October 25, 1921) was an American educator, an advocate for kindergarten for African-American children. (Her first name is also spelled Haidee in some sources.)
Haydee E. Benchley was born in Texas. She attended Oberlin College. [1] She was the first black teacher to study with Susan Blow at the St. Louis Kindergarten Training School. [2]
Oberlin College is a private liberal arts college and conservatory of music in Oberlin, Ohio. It is the oldest coeducational liberal arts college in the United States and the second oldest continuously operating coeducational institute of higher learning in the world. The Oberlin Conservatory of Music is the oldest continuously operating conservatory in the United States. In 1835 Oberlin became one of the first colleges in the United States to admit African Americans, and in 1837 the first to admit women. It has been known since its founding for progressive student activism.
Susan Elizabeth Blow was an American educator who opened the first successful public kindergarten in the United States. She was known as the "Mother of the Kindergarten."
Campbell taught kindergarten in St. Louis, Missouri. [3] In 1882, Haydee Campbell was hired to supervise kindergarten programs for African-American children in the public schools of St. Louis. Beginning in 1896, she chaired the Kindergarten Department of the National Association of Colored Women's Clubs. [4] In 1899, she addressed the NACW national convention in Chicago on the topic "Why the National Association of Colored Women Should Devise Means for Establishing Kindergartens". [5] An attendee reported, "Her enunciation was exquisite...her words were well chosen and her subject well handled." [6] In 1903, she managed the kindergarten programming at the Tuskegee Institute Summer School for Teachers. [7]
The National Association of Colored Women's Clubs (NACWC) is an American organization that was formed in July 1896 at the First Annual Convention of the National Federation of Afro-American Women in Washington, D.C., United States, by a merger of the National Federation of African-American Women, the Woman's Era Club of Boston, and the National League of Colored Women of Washington, DC, at the call of Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin. From 1896 to 1904 it was known as the National Association of Colored Women (NACW). It adopted the motto "Lifting as we climb", to demonstrate to "an ignorant and suspicious world that our aims and interests are identical with those of all good aspiring women." When incorporated in 1904, NACW became known as the National Association of Colored Women's Clubs (NACWC).
During World War I she was active with provisions for black soldiers in the War Camp Community Service at Manhattan, Kansas, [8] until ill health took her from that work. [9]
World War I, also known as the First World War, the Great War, the Seminal Catastrophe, and initially in North America as the European War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as "the war to end all wars", it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, making it one of the largest wars in history. It is also one of the deadliest conflicts in history, with an estimated nine million combatants and seven million civilian deaths as a direct result of the war, while resulting genocides and the resulting 1918 influenza pandemic caused another 50 to 100 million deaths worldwide.
Manhattan is a city in northeastern Kansas in the United States at the junction of the Kansas River and Big Blue River. It is the county seat of Riley County, although it extends into Pottawatomie County. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 52,281.
Haydee Benchley married J. Wesley Campbell; they had one daughter. Haydee Campbell died a widow in 1921, in St. Louis. [10]
Kate Douglas Wiggin was an American educator and author of children's stories, most notably the classic children's novel Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm. She started the first free kindergarten in San Francisco in 1878. With her sister during the 1880s, she also established a training school for kindergarten teachers. Kate Wiggin devoted her adult life to the welfare of children in an era when children were commonly thought of as cheap labor.
Lucy Wheelock was an American early childhood education pioneer within the American kindergarten movement. She began her career by teaching the kindergarten program at Chauncy-Hall School (1879–89). Wheelock was the founder and head of Wheelock Kindergarten Training School, which later became Wheelock College in Boston, Massachusetts. She wrote, lectured, and translated on subjects related to education.
Edna Dean Baker (1883–1956) was an educator, author, co-founder of Baker Demonstration School, and President of the National Kindergarten and Elementary College from 1920 to 1949. She was an early advocate for kindergarten style early childhood education in the United States.
Elizabeth Harrison was an American educator. She was the founder and first president of what is today National Louis University. Harrison was a pioneer in creating professional standards for early childhood teachers and in promoting early childhood education.
Eliza Cooper Blaker was an American educator who headed the free kindergarten movement in Indianapolis from 1882 to 1926 as the first superintendent of schools for the Indianapolis Free Kindergarten and Children's Aid Society. She also established the Indianapolis Kindergarten and Primary Normal Training School at her Indianapolis home in 1882. Renamed the Teachers College of Indianapolis in 1905, she served as its president until her death in 1926. Four years later it became part of the education department at Butler University.
Elise Johnson McDougald, aka Gertrude Elise McDougald Ayer, was an American educator, writer, activist and first African-American woman principal in New York City public schools. McDougald's essay "The Double Task: The Struggle for Negro Women for Sex and Race Emancipation" was published in the March 1925 issue of Survey Graphic magazine, Harlem: The Mecca of the New Negro. This particular issue, edited by Alain Locke, helped usher in and define what is now known as the Harlem Renaissance. McDougald's contribution to this magazine, which Locke adapted for inclusion as "The Task of Negro Womanhood" in his 1925 anthology The New Negro: An Interpretation, is an early example of African-American feminist writing.
Minnie Dessau Louis was an American educator, writer, and community leader, one of the founders of the National Council of Jewish Women.
Anna Evans Murray (1857–1955) was an American civic leader, educator, and early advocate of free kindergarten and the training of kindergarten teachers. In 1898 she successfully lobbied Congress for the first federal funds for kindergarten classes, and introduced kindergarten to the Washington, D.C. public school system.
Mariana Bertola was an American educator, physician, and reformer based in California.
Ida R. Cummings was an American teacher and clubwoman, based in Baltimore, Maryland. She was an officer of the National Association of Colored Women's Clubs in the 1910s.
Victoria Clay Haley, later Victoria Clay Roland, was an American suffragist, clubwoman, bank executive, and fundraiser based in St. Louis, Missouri and later in Chicago.
Wilhelmina Dranga Campbell was an American art educator and magazine editor, co-founder of the national magazine Outlook for the Blind.
Sylvanie Francoz Williams was an African-American educator and clubwoman based in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
Sadie Chandler Cole (1865-1941) was an American singer, music educator, and civil rights activist based in southern California.
Sara Iredell Fleetwood (1849–1908) was an African-American clubwoman and teacher. She was involved in the movement of black women into professional nursing, graduating as one of the first nurses from Howard University's Freedman's Hospital School of Nursing. She became the nursing superintendent at Freedman's, organized the Freedmen's Nursing Association and served as the first woman of color on the nurse's examining board of the District of Columbia.
Jennie Waters Erickson (1876-1961) was a probation officer and county superintendent of schools in Arkansas. Her work was publicized nationally as an example of progressive policy towards deliquency, dependency, and truancy.
Emma Blanche Reineke was an American photographer based in Kansas City, Missouri. She was elected president of the Women's Federation of the Photographers Association of America in 1914, but declined the position.
Agnes Low Rogers was a Scottish educator and educational psychologist.
Kan En Vong, also known as Grace Kan or Grace Sweet, was a Chinese kindergarten educator.
