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Ira Frederick Aldridge was an American and later British actor, playwright, and theatre manager, who made his career after 1824 largely on the London stage and in Europe, especially in Shakespearean roles. Born in New York City, Aldridge is the only actor of African-American descent among the thirty-three actors of the English stage honoured with bronze plaques at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre at Stratford-upon-Avon. Aldridge's acting career took off at the height of the movement to abolish slavery. He chose to play a number of anti-slavery roles and often addressed his audiences on closing night, speaking passionately about the injustice of slavery, as did other touring Black abolitionists such as Frederick Douglass.
Ambalavaner Sivanandan, commonly referred to as A. Sivanandan, was a Sri Lankan and British novelist, activist and writer, emeritus director of the Institute of Race Relations (IRR), a London-based independent educational charity. His first novel, When Memory Dies, won the 1998 Commonwealth Writers' Prize in the Best First Book category for Europe and South Asia. He left Sri Lanka after the 1958 riots.
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Prejudice plus power, also known as R = P + P, is a stipulative definition of racism often used by white anti-racism activists, including the American pastor Joseph Barndt and American author Robin DiAngelo. Patricia Bidol-Padva first proposed this definition in a 1970 book, where she defined racism as “prejudice plus institutional power.” According to this definition, two elements are required in order for racism to exist: racial prejudice, and social power to codify and enforce this prejudice into an entire society. Reasons cited in support of this definition include that power is responsible for the creation of racial categories, and that people favor their own racial groups over others.
Charmaine Andrea Nelson is a Canadian art historian, educator, author, and independent curator. Nelson was a Full Professor of Art History at McGill University until June 2020 when she joined NSCAD university to develop the Institute for the Study of Canadian Slavery. She is the first tenured Black professor of art history in Canada. Nelson's research interests include the visual culture of slavery, race and representation, Black Canadian studies and African Canadian history as well as critical theory, post-colonial studies, Black feminist scholarship, Transatlantic Slavery Studies, and Black Diaspora Studies. In addition to teaching and publishing in these research areas, Nelson has curated exhibitions, including at the Robert McLaughlin Gallery in Oshawa, Ontario, and the Leonard and Bina Ellen Art Gallery at Concordia University in Montreal, Quebec.
Xenoracism is a form of prejudice that resembles racism but is exhibited by members of a racial group towards other members of it, or it is exhibited towards members of an otherwise mostly indistinguishable racial group which may have no phenotypical differences but is perceived as being alien, foreign, other, or culturally inferior.
References
- ↑ "People". Institute of Race Relations. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
- ↑ Hazel Kathleen Waters (2002). How Oroonoko became Jim Crow: the black presence on the English stage from the Late Eighteenth to the Mid-Nineteenth Century (PhD). University of London.
- ↑ Sarah Meer (June 2008). "Hazel Waters. Racism on the Victorian Stage: Representation of Slavery and the Black Character (review)". The Review of English Studies. 59 (240): 474–476.