Heather Goad

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Heather Goad is a Canadian linguist. Her research explores areas of phonology and language acquisition, especially investigating the shapes of phonological systems, including contrasts in English, French, Korean, Portuguese, Italian and Nepali, [1] as well as the developmental paths of acquiring speech sounds by first and second language learners. [2]

Contents

Career and research

Goad earned her BA in Linguistics at the University of British Columbia and completed her PhD in Linguistics in 1994 at the University of Southern California under the supervision of Jean-Roger Vergnaud. [3]

Since 1992 she has taught in the Department of Linguistics at McGill University, and served there as an associate dean in Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies. [4]

Goad's work on child language has shown the prevalence of consonant harmony via primary place of articulation. [5] The influence of her acquisition studies has been cited for showing the phonetic basis of variation of -s plural forms on real vs. novel plural production. [6] She created a corpus of longitudinal child speech data of English and French learners, [7] [8] which scholars from multiple institutions have used for research work. [9] [10] The corpus is part of the PhonBank project, [11] funded by Quebec with an FCAR grant (Fonds pour la formation de chercheurs et l'aide à la recherche).

In 2015 she and Lydia White were awarded a research grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) to study the Phonological Effects on Grammatical Representation and Processing, which looks at the phonological knowledge of second language learners and bilingual speakers, putting forward the Prosodic Transfer Hypothesis (PTH), a theory that proposed an explanation for kinds of difficulties that language learners experience with the morphosyntax of a second language. [12] As part of the conversation that their work initiated, in conjunction with their article on this theory, they published a response in Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism. [13]

Goad contributed to work comparing the range of sound patterns acquired by humans with the set sound patterns acquired by zebra finches. [14] [15]

Awards and honors

Goad was an invited speaker at the 2015 West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics, held in Vancouver. [16]

In 2014, she was an invited lecturer in phonology and language acquisition at the Norwegian Graduate Researcher School in Linguistics and Philology. [17]

She was a co-editor of the Canadian Journal of Linguistics from 1994-2003 and an Associate Editor of Language Acquisition from 2004-2014.

Since 2013 she has been a member of the Editorial Board of Language Acquisition.

She is on the Advisory Boards for two book series: the Oxford Studies in Phonology series published by Oxford University Press and the Language Acquisition & Language Disorders series published by John Benjamins.

Selected publications

Related Research Articles

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Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. Someone who engages in this study is called a linguist. See also the Outline of linguistics, the List of phonetics topics, the List of linguists, and the List of cognitive science topics. Articles related to linguistics include:

Second-language acquisition (SLA), sometimes called second-language learning—otherwise referred to as L2acquisition, is the process by which people learn a second language. Second-language acquisition is also the scientific discipline devoted to studying that process. The field of second-language acquisition is regarded by some but not everybody as a sub-discipline of applied linguistics but also receives research attention from a variety of other disciplines, such as psychology and education.

Language convergence is a type of linguistic change in which languages come to resemble one another structurally as a result of prolonged language contact and mutual interference, regardless of whether those languages belong to the same language family, i.e. stem from a common genealogical proto-language. In contrast to other contact-induced language changes like creolization or the formation of mixed languages, convergence refers to a mutual process that results in changes in all the languages involved. The term refers to changes in systematic linguistic patterns of the languages in contact rather than alterations of individual lexical items.

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Government Phonology (GP) is a theoretical framework of linguistics, and more specifically of phonology. The framework aims to provide a non-arbitrary account for phonological phenomena by replacing the rule component of SPE-type phonology with well-formedness constraints on representations. Thus, it is a non-derivational representation-based framework, and as such, the current representative of Autosegmental Phonology. GP subscribes to the claim that Universal Grammar is composed of a restricted set of universal principles and parameters. As in Noam Chomsky’s principles and parameters approach to syntax, the differences in phonological systems across languages are captured through different combinations of parameter settings.

Brian James MacWhinney is a Professor of Psychology and Modern Languages at Carnegie Mellon University. He specializes in first and second language acquisition, psycholinguistics, and the neurological bases of language, and he has written and edited several books and over 100 peer-reviewed articles and book chapters on these subjects. MacWhinney is best known for his competition model of language acquisition and for creating the CHILDES and TalkBank corpora. He has also helped to develop a stream of pioneering software programs for creating and running psychological experiments, including PsyScope, an experimental control system for the Macintosh; E-Prime, an experimental control system for the Microsoft Windows platform; and System for Teaching Experimental Psychology (STEP), a database of scripts for facilitating and improving psychological and linguistic research.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lydia White</span> Canadian linguist

Lydia White is a Canadian linguist and educator in the area of second language acquisition (SLA). She is James McGill Professor Emeritus of Linguistics at McGill University.

The generative approach to second language (L2) acquisition (SLA) is a cognitive based theory of SLA that applies theoretical insights developed from within generative linguistics to investigate how second languages and dialects are acquired and lost by individuals learning naturalistically or with formal instruction in foreign, second language and lingua franca settings. Central to generative linguistics is the concept of Universal Grammar (UG), a part of an innate, biologically endowed language faculty which refers to knowledge alleged to be common to all human languages. UG includes both invariant principles as well as parameters that allow for variation which place limitations on the form and operations of grammar. Subsequently, research within the Generative Second-Language Acquisition (GenSLA) tradition describes and explains SLA by probing the interplay between Universal Grammar, knowledge of one's native language and input from the target language. Research is conducted in syntax, phonology, morphology, phonetics, semantics, and has some relevant applications to pragmatics.

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The critical period hypothesis is a theory within the field of linguistics and second language acquisition that claims a person can only achieve native-like fluency in a language before a certain age. It is the subject of a long-standing debate in linguistics and language acquisition over the extent to which the ability to acquire language is biologically linked to developmental stages of the brain. The critical period hypothesis was first proposed by Montreal neurologist Wilder Penfield and co-author Lamar Roberts in their 1959 book Speech and Brain Mechanisms, and was popularized by Eric Lenneberg in 1967 with Biological Foundations of Language.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Richard Keith Sprigg</span> British linguist (1922–2011)

Richard Keith Sprigg was a British linguist who specialised in the phonology of Asian languages. Sprigg was educated under J. R. Firth and was a member of the first generation of professional British linguists. Also as a consequence Sprigg was an advocate of the prosodic phonological method of Firth. Sprigg worked on several Tibeto-Burman languages including Lepcha, and various Tibetan dialects. He taught for many years at the School of Oriental and African Studies, and retired to Kalimpong, West Bengal, India with his wife Ray, granddaughter of David Macdonald the author of The Land of the Lama and 20 Years in Tibet, until her death.

Virginia Yip (葉彩燕), is a Hong Kong linguist and writer. She is director of the Childhood Bilingualism Research Centre. She is a professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. Her research interests include bilingual language acquisition, second language acquisition, Cantonese, Chaozhou and comparative Sinitic grammar, psycholinguistics, and cognitive science.

Martha Young-Scholten is a linguist specialising in the phonology and syntax of second language acquisition (SLA).

The Association for Laboratory Phonology is a non-profit professional society for researchers interested in the sound structure of language. It was founded to promote the scientific study of all aspects of phonetics and phonology of oral and sign languages through scholarly exchange across disciplines and through the use of a hybrid methodology. The founding and honorary members are Amalia Arvaniti, Mary Beckman, Cathi Best, Catherine Browman, Jennifer S. Cole, Mariapaola D'Imperio, Louis M. Goldstein, José Ignacio Hualde, Patricia Keating, John Kingston, D.R. Ladd, Peter Ladefoged, Janet Pierrehumbert, Caroline Smith, Paul Warren, and Douglas Whalen. The Association is an international body open to scholars world-wide, and currently has over 100 members.

Jennifer Sandra Cole is a professor of linguistics and Director of the Prosody and Speech Dynamics Lab at Northwestern University. Her research uses experimental and computational methods to study the sound structure of language. She was the founding General Editor of Laboratory Phonology (2009–2015) and a founding member of the Association for Laboratory Phonology.

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to second-language acquisition:

Marilyn May Vihman is an American linguist known for her research on phonological development and bilingualism in early childhood. She holds the position of Professor of Linguistics at the University of York.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Annick De Houwer</span> Belgian linguist

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References

  1. M. Schwarz, M. Sonderegger, H. Goad. "Realization and representation of Nepali laryngeal contrasts: Voiced aspirates and laryngeal realism." Journal of Phonetics. 2019
  2. Cassandra Szklarski. Mama or papa? Experts explain science behind babies’ first words. Globe and Mail. May 4, 2016.
  3. USC Digital Library. "On the configuration of height features."
  4. "Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies | 2013–2014 Programs, Courses and University Regulations - McGill University".
  5. Chen Gafni. 2012. Child Consonant Harmony:Identification and Properties. Brill’s Annual of Afoasiatic Languages and Linguistics 4, 30–54.
  6. Michael T. Ullman and Myrna Gopnik. “Inflectional morphology in a family with inherited specific language impairment.” Applied Psycholinguistics 20 (1999), p.101.
  7. "PhonBank French Goad/Rose Corpus". phonbank.talkbank.org.
  8. "IASCL - Child Language Bulletin - Vol 33, No 1: August 2013". iascl.talkbank.org.
  9. Babcock, Lindsay 2006. The role of input statistics in acquisition: an investigation of phonological development in twins. Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.
  10. Parsons, Jennifer M. 2006. Positional Effects in Phonological Development: A Case Study. Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.
  11. "PhonBank". phonbank.talkbank.org.
  12. Heather Goad, Lydia White. 2019. Prosodic effects on L2 grammars. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism
  13. Heather Goad and Lydia White. 2019. “Reply to commentaries” Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, Volume 9, Issue 6, Dec 2019, p. 895 - 900.
  14. "Songbirds may have 'universal grammar'". November 24, 2017.
  15. "Do Birdsong and Human Speech Share Biological Roots?". November 22, 2017.
  16. "Conference: WCCFL 33". 12 June 2014.
  17. "Summer School 2014 - Lectures and activities - Norwegian Graduate Researcher School in Linguistics and Philology - NTNU". www.ntnu.edu.