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The Heidelberg University Eye Hospital (Augenklinik in German) is one of twelve hospitals or clinics that make up the Heidelberg University Hospital. It is one of the most renowned and oldest Eye Hospitals in the Federal Republic of Germany with a lineage of ophthalmic surgeons of international standing. [1] Located in the Kopfklinik on the Im Neuenheimerfeld Campus of the University of Heidelberg, it was prior to that in the city's Bergheim district. 2018 represents 150 years since the appointment of the first professorial chair in ophthalmology and the first building of the University Hospital Eye Clinic. One of the most famous alumni of the Heidelberg Eye Hospital was Dr José Rizal, (1861–1896), the Filipino martyr and national hero.
The tradition of the practice of ophthalmic surgery and training in the specialty in Heidelberg can be traced back to at least 1818 when Maximillian Joseph von Chelius [2] was nominated for the first professorial chair for surgery and ophthalmic surgery. At that time ophthalmology was part of the department of surgery. But Chelius specialized in ophthalmic surgery and he is regarded as the father of ophthalmology in Heidelberg. In the 1860s Prof. Hermann Knapp made architectural plans for the first Eye Clinic building. Prof. Otto Becker took the first official chair in Ophthalmology in the University Hospital Eye Clinic, in 1868. [3]
Notable dates and list of eye surgeons and medical directors of the Heidelberg University Eye Clinic:
The Heidelberg University Eye Hospital is celebrating in 2018 its 150th anniversary. [4]
One of the most famous alumni of the Heidelberg Eye Hospital was Dr José Rizal, (1861–1896), the Filipino martyr and national hero from the time of the closing period of Spanish colonial rule of the Philippines. Rizal was an ophthalmologist who had trained in Europe, in Madrid, Paris, Berlin and Heidelberg.
In 1886 he came from Paris to Heidelberg to study under Prof. Dr. Otto Becker. It was in Heidelberg that he learned to use the newly invented ophthalmoscope (invented by the Heidelberg University Professor of Physiology from 1858 to 1871 Hermann von Helmholtz) to later operate on his own mother's eye. He lived in a Karlstraße boarding house then moved to Ludwigsplatz (now called Grabengasse). [5] While in Heidelberg, Rizal wrote his parents: "I spend half of the day in the study of German and the other half, in the diseases of the eye. Twice a week, I go to the bierbrauerie, or beerhall, to speak German with my student friends."
In 1887, the 25-year-old Rizal completed his ophthalmic specialisation . [6]
A plaque dedicated to his memory is placed on the front wall of the Old Building of the Eye Hospital at Bergheimer Straße 20.
Ophthalmology is a clinical and surgical specialty within medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders. A former term is oculism.
Sankara Nethralaya is a non-profit missionary institution for ophthalmic care headquartered in Chennai, India. In the name "Sankara Nethralaya", "Sankara" is a reference to Lord Shiva and "Nethralaya" means "The Temple of the Eye". Sankara Nethralaya has over 1000 employees and serves around 1500 patients per day, performing over 100 surgeries daily. The annual revenue as per the taxes is close to US$100 million.
Theodor Karl Gustav von Leber was a German ophthalmologist from Karlsruhe.
New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai (NYEE) is located at East 14th Street and Second Avenue in lower Manhattan, New York City. Founded on August 14, 1820, NYEE is America's first specialty hospital and one of the most prominent in the fields of ophthalmology and otolaryngology in the world, providing primary inpatient and outpatient care in those specialties. Previously affiliated with New York Medical College, as of 2013 it is affiliated with the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai as a part of the membership in the Mount Sinai Health System.
Otto Heinrich Enoch Becker was a German ophthalmologist born near Ratzeburgin the Duchy of Holstein.
Jacob Hermann Knapp, also known as Hermann Knapp, was a German-American ophthalmologist and otolaryngologist.
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Maximilian Joseph von Chelius was a German surgeon and ophthalmologist born in Mannheim.
Philipp Franz von Walther was a German surgeon and ophthalmologist.
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Hermann Kuhnt was a German ophthalmologist born in Senftenberg, Brandenburg.
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Gerd Uwe Auffarth is a German eye surgeon and is Chairman of the Department of Ophthalmology at the Heidelberg University Eye Hospital and Head of the David J. Apple Center for Vision Research which includes the David J. Apple International Laboratory for Ocular Pathology.
John Gustaf Lindberg was a Finnish ophthalmologist who was the first to describe exfoliation syndrome, an age-related degenerative disease of the eye that often complicates glaucoma and cataract surgery, in his doctoral thesis that he wrote in St. Petersburg and defended in March 1917 in Helsinki, Finland, at that time a Grand Duchy in the Russian Empire.
The LMU Klinikum is the merged hospital complex of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), including the Campus Innenstadt in the city center and the Campus Großhadern in Hadern. The hospital houses more than 2000 beds with 48 clinics, institutes and departments, making it one of the largest hospitals in Europe. In 2015, the Ludwig Maximilian University was ranked the leading German university in the subject area "Clinical, pre-clinical and health" according to the Times Higher Education World University Ranking.
Dimitri Azar is an American ophthalmologist, professor, and businessman who leads Twenty Twenty Therapeutics, a joint venture established by Santen and Verily. Azar has held roles at Novartis and Verily, Alphabet's Life sciences research organization. He served as dean of the College of Medicine at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) from 2011 to 2018.
Sundaram Natarajan is an Indian ophthalmologist. In 2002, he started a free clinic in Dharavi, a slum in Mumbai, and treated more than 8,000 people. He has also held free camps in various other suburbs of Mumbai such as Mankhurd and Govandi to treat the economically poor. In 2016, he also held a camp in Kashmir to operate and cure the victims of pellet gun firings.
Mohammad Javed Ali is an Ophthalmic Plastics Surgeon, Dacryologist, and Clinician-scientist. He heads the Govindram Seksaria Institute of Dacryology, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad and specializes in the science of tear ducts. Prof. Ali is also the Alumni chair of Ophthalmology at the L.V. Prasad Eye Institute and the current Editor-in-Chief of Seminars in Ophthalmology, Associate Editor of several major journals, including The Ocular Surface, Ophthalmic Research, Survey of Ophthalmology, and Current Eye Research. He holds several international professorships, including the Hong-Leong Professor at University of Singapore, Professor of Anatomy and Ophthalmology at the Friedrich Alexander University, Nuremberg, Germany, Professor, Wojskowy Instytut Medyczny at Warsaw, Honorary Professor at Krasonv Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Adjunct Professor at University of Rochester, and Professor of Ophthalmology at Shanghai Jin Tao University, China.