The emperor of Austria was the ruler of the Austrian Empire and later the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The hereditary imperial title and office was proclaimed in 1804 by Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, and continually held by him and his heirs until Charles I relinquished power in 1918.
The Russian Council of Ministers is an executive governmental council that brings together the principal officers of the Executive Branch of the Russian government. This includes the chairman of the government and ministers of federal government departments.
Otto Ferdinand Georg Kern was a German classical philologist, archaeologist and epigraphist. He specialized in the field of ancient Greek religion, being known for his investigations of Greek mystery cults and Orphism, as well as the ancient city of Magnesia on the Maeander and later also the history of ancient studies. In 1907 he became professor at the University of Halle-Wittenberg, where he became rector in 1915/16.
Ballhausen is a municipality in the Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis district of Thuringia, Germany.
The Deutschvölkischer Schutz- und Trutzbund was the largest and the most active antisemitic federation in Germany after the First World War, and an organisation that formed a significant part of the völkisch movement during the Weimar Republic (1918–1933), whose democratic parliamentary system it unilaterally rejected. Its publishing arm issued books that greatly influenced the opinions of Nazi Party leaders such as Heinrich Himmler. After the organisation folded in around 1924, many of its members eventually joined the Nazis.
Theodor Christian Lohmann was a 19th-century German administrative lawyer, civil servant and social reformer, second in importance only to Otto von Bismarck in the formation of the German social insurance system. He is considered one of the major forces advocating for legislation for occupational safety and health, as co-architect of Bismarck's social security and as a seminal figure in the relation of Diakonie and social politics.
Melchior Hubert Paul Gustav Graf von Hatzfeldt zu Wildenburg was a German diplomat who served as ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1885 to 1901. He was also envoy to Spain and the Ottoman Empire, foreign secretary, and head of the Foreign Office. He is best known for signing the Yangtze Agreement in 1900.
A Wehrwirtschaftsführer was, during the time of Nazi Germany (1933–1945), an executive of a company or of a large factory. Wehrwirtschaftsführer were appointed, starting in 1935, by the Wehrwirtschafts und Rüstungsamt being a part of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW), that was pushing the build-up of arms for the Wehrmacht. Appointments aimed to bind the Wehrwirtschaftsführer to the Wehrmacht and to give them a quasi-military status.
Mark Lidzbarski was a Polish philologist, Semiticist and translator of Mandaean texts.
Willy Martin Ernst Rohr was a German Army officer who was a major contributor to the development of infantry tactics in World War I, particularly for the system of Storm Battalions.
The Spartacus League was a Marxist revolutionary movement organized in Germany during World War I. It was founded in August 1914 as the International Group by Rosa Luxemburg, Karl Liebknecht, Clara Zetkin, and other members of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) who were dissatisfied with the party's official policies in support of the war. In 1916 it renamed itself the Spartacus Group and in 1917 joined the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD), which had split off from the SPD as its left wing faction. During the November Revolution of 1918 that broke out across Germany at the end of the war, the Spartacus Group re-established itself as a nationwide, non-party organization called the "Spartacus League" with the goal of instituting a soviet republic that would include all of Germany. It became part of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) when it was formed on 1 January 1919 and at that point ceased to exist as a separate entity.
Baroness Sidonie Nádherná of Borutín, later Countess Sidonie of Thun und Hohenstein was a Czech noblewoman known for hosting literary salons and her correspondence with Rainer Maria Rilke and Karl Kraus.
Knut Otto Christian Hans Konstantin Hubertus von Kühlmann-Stumm, was a German politician for the Free Democratic Party who owned Ramholz Castle.
Ferdinand Eduard, Freiherr von Stumm, was a Prussian and German diplomat.
Ferdinand Carl, Freiherr von Stumm was a German diplomat and industrialist.
Carl Ferdinand, Freiherr von Stumm-Halberg was a Prussian mining industrialist and Free Conservative politician. As a Privy Councilor of Commerce, baron, member of the Prussian House of Representatives, member of the Reichstag and founding chairman of the German Reich Party, he was one of the most influential men in Prussia and one of the richest people in the German Empire.
Rauischholzhausen Castle is a German castle located on the outskirts of Rauischholzhausen, a village in Ebsdorfergrund in the southeast of Marburg-Biedenkopf district in Hesse. Today, the castle belongs to the University of Giessen, which uses it as a conference facility. The castle is surrounded by the 32-hectare (79-acre) Rauischholzhausen Castle Park, an English landscape garden that was created together with the construction of the castle between 1871 and 1876.
Halberg Castle is a German castle built between 1877 and 1880 on Halberg mountain near Saarbrücken. The castle is located in the area of the former municipality of Brebach, which was merged with Fechingen to form Brebach-Fechingen in 1959 and incorporated into Saarbrücken in 1974. The castle complex, which was designed by the architects Edwin Oppler and Ferdinand Schorbach for Carl Ferdinand von Stumm-Halberg, is the second largest neo-Gothic secular building in Saarland after the St. Johann Town Hall despite renovations and partial demolition after World War II.
Hugo Rudolf Christian von Stumm-Ramholz was a German industrialist, landowner, member of the state parliament and Prussian cavalry officer. He commissioned Ramholz Castle, built near Schlüchtern from 1893 to 1896.
Ramholz Castle is a German castle located in the hamlet of Ramholz in the Vollmerz district of the town of Schlüchtern, around 40 kilometres southwest of Fulda. The castle and park are cultural monuments according to the Hessian Monument Protection Act.
