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In railway signalling, a token is a physical object which a train driver is required to have or see before entering onto a particular section of single track. The token is clearly endorsed with the names of the section to which it belongs. A token system is more commonly used for single lines because of the greater risk of collision in the event of a mistake being made by a signaller or traincrew, than on double lines.
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Charles Brown was a New Zealand politician from the Taranaki area.
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The first railway line in New Zealand was the line from Christchurch to Ferrymead opened in 1863. Under the “Grand Go-ahead Policy” of public works instituted by Sir Julius Vogel in 1870 the network was rapidly expanded. Initially lines went from the main town and port to the rural hinterland, but the line between the cities of Christchurch and Dunedin section of the South Island Main Trunk Railway opened in 1878. The New Zealand Railways Department was established in 1876, and the rail network was then run by the central government rather than by provincial governments. Signalling installation was handled by district engineers in the maintenance branch. The Rakaia rail accident in 1899 when four passengers were killed showed the deficiencies in railway signalling and braking; Rakaia did not have fixed signals, and rolling stock apart from locomotives did not have air brakes. But those lines with heavier traffic already had block working installed. The first signalling and interlocking engineer had already been appointed in 1899 at a salary of £400; Arthur H. Johnson, who had “considerable experience in England and America” and who was to design and develop a uniform system of interlocking points and signals. <!—NZ Herald 23 May 1898 --> But he resigned in 1899, and returned to England c1901. He was replaced by Henry John Wynne from 1900; with staff of a chief signal inspector in Wellington and several regional signal inspectors. Wynne retired in 1929. Wynne was replaced by Guy Wilfred Wyles (1887-1947) as Signalling and electrical engineer. Wyles had started with Sykes Interlocking Co in London. He married into Wynn’s family, and died of peritonitis three months before his retirement. The first three engineers all trained in England. Signalling in New Zealand was based on British practice for 60 years until about 1922, when it became “essentially indigenous” – partly British with two-aspect mechanical signalling and partly American with automatic three-aspect signalling using so-called ‘”speed’ indicators.
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James Marchbanks was a New Zealand civil engineer. He was Engineer and General Manager for the Wellington and Manawatu Railway Company (WMR) and then the Wellington Harbour Board.
References
- Heine, Richard W. (2000). Semaphore to CTC: Signalling and train working in New Zealand, 1863-1993. Wellington: New Zealand Railway & Locomotive Society. ISBN 0-908573-76-6.
- 1 2 Heine 2000, pp. 14, 15.
- ↑ Heine 2000, pp. 185–98.
- ↑ "Noted Railwayman dies in 86th year". Papers Past. 1950.
- ↑ "Obituary Mr H J Wynne". Papers Past. 1950.