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The Republic of Ghana is named after the medieval West African Ghana Empire. The empire became known in Europe and Arabia as the Ghana Empire after the title of its Emperor, the Ghana. The empire appears to have broken up following the 1076 conquest by the Almoravid General Abu-Bakr Ibn-Umar. A reduced kingdom continued to exist after Almoravid rule ended, and the kingdom was later incorporated into subsequent Sahelian empires, such as the Mali Empire several centuries later. Geographically, the ancient Ghana Empire was approximately 500 miles (800 km) north and west of the modern state of Ghana, and controlled territories in the area of the Sénégal River and east towards the Niger rivers, in modern Senegal, Mauritania and Mali.
The Gold Coast was a British Crown colony on the Gulf of Guinea in West Africa from 1821 until its independence in 1957 as Ghana. The term Gold Coast is also often used to describe all of the four separate jurisdictions that were under the administration of the Governor of the Gold Coast. These were the Gold Coast itself, Ashanti, the Northern Territories Protectorate and the British Togoland trust territory.
The Ashanti–Fante War (1806–1807) was a war fought between the Ashanti Empire and the Fante Confederacy in the region of what is currently the Republic of Ghana.
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Thomas Edward Bowdich was an English traveller and author.
The Dutch Gold Coast or Dutch Guinea, officially Dutch possessions on the Coast of Guinea was a portion of contemporary Ghana that was gradually colonized by the Dutch, beginning in 1612. The Dutch began trading in the area around 1598, joining the Portuguese which had a trading post there since the late 1400s. Eventually, the Dutch Gold Coast became the most important Dutch colony in West Africa after Fort Elmina was captured from the Portuguese in 1637, but fell into disarray after the abolition of the slave trade in the early 19th century. On 6 April 1872, the Dutch Gold Coast was, in accordance with the Anglo-Dutch Treaties of 1870–71, ceded to the United Kingdom.
The Anglo-Ashanti wars were a series of five conflicts that took place between 1824 and 1900 between the Ashanti Empire—in the Akan interior of the Gold Coast—and the British Empire and its African allies. Though the Ashanti emerged victorious in some of these conflicts, the British ultimately prevailed in the fourth and fifth conflicts, resulting in the complete annexation of the Ashanti Empire by 1900. The wars were mainly due to Ashanti attempts to establish a stronghold over the coastal areas of present-day Ghana. Coastal peoples such as the Fante and the Ga came to rely on British protection against Ashanti incursions.
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The East and West Africa Medal, established in 1892, was a campaign medal awarded for minor campaigns that took place in East and West Africa between 1887 and 1900. A total of twenty one clasps were issued.
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Katamanso War also known was a war that Ga-Adangbe defeated and prevented Ashantis from dominating the coast in 1824. The Ga-Adangbe people of modern day Greater Accra teamed up with the British as well as other tribes/ethnic groups in the Gold Coast such as the Fantes, Akyems, Adas to fight the Ashantis. It is classified as one of the "Anglo-Ashanti Wars" according to historical evidence at the National Archives.
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The Political history of Ghana recounts the history of varying political systems that existed in Ghana during pre-colonial times, the colonial era and after independence. Pre-colonial Ghana was made up of several states and ethnic groups whose political system was categorized by 3 main administrative models; Centralized, Non-centralized and Theocratic states. In the colonial era, the British Empire employed different forms of government among its four territorial possessions in the Gold Coast. Indirect rule was implemented in the late 19th century after its success in Northern Nigeria. From the 1940s, native Ghanaians yearned for more autonomy. This resulted in the several constitutional reforms as well as the creation of the office of the Prime Minister in 1952.
References
- ↑ Peter Pels; Oscar Salemink (2000). Colonial Subjects: Essays on the Practical History of Anthropology. University of Michigan Press. p. 66. ISBN 0-472-08746-0.
- ↑ "Governers & Heads of State". Ghana Web. GhanaWeb. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
- ↑ James Minahan (1 January 2002). Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: A-C. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 189. ISBN 978-0-313-32109-2.
- ↑ H. J. Ricketts (1833). Narrative of the Ashantee War: With a View of the Present State of the Colony of Sierra Leone. Simpkin and Marshall. pp. 115–6 and 129.
- ↑ Major J.J. Crooks (8 October 2013). Records Relating to the Gold Coast Settlements from 1750 to 1874. Taylor & Francis. p. 246. ISBN 978-1-136-96077-2.
- ↑ H. J. Ricketts (1831). Narrative of the Ashantee War: With a View of the Present State of the Colony of Sierra Leone. Simpkin and Marshall. p. 160.
- ↑ A. B. C. Sibthorpe (1970). The History of Sierra Leone. Psychology Press. p. 225. ISBN 978-0-7146-1769-5.
- ↑ Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons (1834). Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command. H. M. Stationery Office. p. 79.
- ↑ The London Gazette. T. Neuman. 1831. p. 1505.
- ↑ Arthur William Alsager Pollock (1838). The United Service Magazine. H. Colburn. p. 592.
