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Scandinavia is a subregion of Northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural, and linguistic ties between its constituent peoples. Scandinavia most commonly refers to Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. It can sometimes also refer to the Scandinavian Peninsula. In English usage, Scandinavia is sometimes used as a synonym for Nordic countries. Iceland and the Faroe Islands are sometimes included in Scandinavia for their ethnolinguistic relations with Sweden, Norway and Denmark. While Finland differs from other Nordic countries in this respect, some authors call it Scandinavian due to its economic and cultural similarities.
The North Germanic languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages—a sub-family of the Indo-European languages—along with the West Germanic languages and the extinct East Germanic languages. The language group is also referred to as the Nordic languages, a direct translation of the most common term used among Danish, Faroese, Icelandic, Norwegian, and Swedish scholars and people.
The Norsemen were a North Germanic linguistic group of the Early Middle Ages, during which they spoke the Old Norse language. The language belongs to the North Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages and is the predecessor of the modern Germanic languages of Scandinavia. During the late eighth century, Scandinavians embarked on a large-scale expansion in all directions, giving rise to the Viking Age. In English-language scholarship since the 19th century, Norse seafaring traders, settlers and warriors have commonly been referred to as Vikings. Historians of Anglo-Saxon England distinguish between Norse Vikings (Norsemen) from Norway, who mainly invaded and occupied the islands north and north-west of Britain, as well as Ireland and western Britain, and Danish Vikings, who principally invaded and occupied eastern Britain.
Hildegard is a female name derived from the Old High German hild and gard, and means 'battle enclosure'. Variant spellings include: Hildegarde; the Polish, Portuguese, Slovene and Spanish Hildegarda; the Italian Ildegarda; the Hungarian Hildegárd; and the ancient German Hildegardis.
Einar is a Scandinavian given name deriving from the Old Norse name Einarr, which according to Guðbrandur Vigfússon is directly connected with the concept of the einherjar, warriors who died in battle and ascended to Valhalla in Norse mythology. Vigfússon comments that 'the name Einarr is properly = einheri" and points to a relation to the term with the Old Norse common nouns einarðr and einörð.
Hilda is one of several female given names derived from the name Hild, formed from Old Norse hildr, meaning 'battle'. Hild, a Nordic-German Bellona, was a Valkyrie who conveyed fallen warriors to Valhalla. Warfare was often called Hild's Game. The name became rare in England during the later Middle Ages, but was revived in the 19th century. In Sweden it has been in use since the late 18th century, being a popular name throughout the 19th century. Hilde is a variant of Hilda. Another variation on Hild is Hildur.
A Nordic cross flag is a flag bearing the design of the Nordic or Scandinavian cross, a cross symbol in a rectangular field, with the centre of the cross shifted towards the hoist.
The history of Scandinavia is the history of the geographical region of Scandinavia and its peoples. The region is located in Northern Europe, and consists of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Finland and Iceland are at times, especially in English-speaking contexts, considered part of Scandinavia.
Guðrún is one of the most frequently given female names in Iceland. In 2004, it was ranked first before Anna and Sigríður.
Leif is a male given name of Scandinavian origin. It is derived from the Old Norse name Leifr, meaning "heir", "descendant".
Solveig is a female given name of Old Norse origin. It is most common in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Iceland, and it is also somewhat common in Germany and France.
Bjorn, Bjorne, Björn, Bjørn, Beorn or, rarely, Bjôrn, Biorn, or Latinized Biornus, Brum (Portuguese), is a Scandinavian male given name, or less often a surname. The name means "bear". In Swedish and Finnish, the nickname Nalle refers to Björn.
The Nordic model comprises the economic and social policies as well as typical cultural practices common in the Nordic countries. This includes a comprehensive welfare state and multi-level collective bargaining based on the economic foundations of social corporatism, and a commitment to private ownership within a market-based mixed economy – with Norway being a partial exception due to a large number of state-owned enterprises and state ownership in publicly listed firms.
Hilde is one of several female given names derived from the name Hild formed from Old Norse hildr, meaning "battle". Hild, a Nordic-German Bellona, was a Valkyrie who conveyed fallen warriors to Valhalla. Warfare was often called Hild's Game. Hilde was popular in Norway from the 1950s until the 1970s. It is a variant of Hilda, which in turn is a more recent variation of Hildur.
The Nordic countries are a geographical and cultural region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic. It includes the sovereign states of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden; the autonomous territories of the Faroe Islands and Greenland; and the autonomous region of Åland.
Thorsten is a Scandinavian given name. The Old Norse name was Þórsteinn. It is a compound of the theonym Þór (Thor) and steinn "stone", which became Thor and sten in Old Danish and Old Swedish.
Björg or Bjørg is a feminine given name of Old Norse origin: bjǫrg ‘protection. It is in use in Scandinavian countries, including Sweden, Norway and Iceland meaning "help, salvation." It is a popular middle name for girls born in Iceland. It was very common in Norway just before World War II, but it later lost its popularity in the country.
The Nordic diaspora may refer to:
North Germanic peoples, Nordic peoples and in a medieval context Norsemen, were a Germanic linguistic group originating from the Scandinavian Peninsula. They are identified by their cultural similarities, common ancestry and common use of the Proto-Norse language from around 200 AD, a language that around 800 AD became the Old Norse language, which in turn later became the North Germanic languages of today.
Siv is a Scandinavian feminine given name found chiefly in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. The name derives from the Old Norse word for "bride". In Norse mythology Sif/Siv was the wife of Thor. Individuals bearing the name Siv include:
References
- ↑ Heinrich Wilhelm Schütz (1837). Kleines Namen-Lexikon oder kurzgefasste Erklärungen der merkwürdigsten Orts- und Personennamen: mit Einschluss nicht weiniger Länder-, Völker-, Gebirgs- und Flussnamen (in German). Feister. pp. 34–.
Hild, nordisch-deutsche Bellona, dann auch Krieg überhaupt ...
- ↑ Scandinavian Classics. Vol. 27. American Scandinavian Foundation. 1927. p. 303.
Warfare and battle had numerous designations after the Valkyries; "Hild's Game" is especially common.
- ↑ Nancy L. Coleman; Olav Veka (9 December 2010). A Handbook of Scandinavian Names. Univ of Wisconsin Press. pp. 10–. ISBN 978-0-299-24833-8.
- ↑ Bengt af Klintberg (30 January 2014). Namnen i almanackan (in Swedish). Norstedts. pp. 35–. ISBN 978-91-7297-039-7.
- ↑ Teresa Norman (1 July 2003). World of Baby Names, A (Revised). Penguin. pp. 498–. ISBN 978-1-4406-2556-5.
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