| House of the Savior Italian: Casa del Salvatore | |
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Italy | |
| Coordinates | 40°50′49″N14°15′26″E / 40.84694°N 14.25722°E |
| Information | |
| Other name | Jesuit Maximum College (former) |
| Established | 1554 |
| Founder | Jesuits (Catholicism) |
House of the Saviour (Italian : Casa del Salvatore) is an architectural complex located in the historic center of Naples. It originated as one of the first Jesuit schools in the world.
The complex, known mainly as a former Jesuit Maximum College, was the seat of the College of the Society of Jesus from 1554 when the fathers bought the fifteenth-century palace of Gian Tommaso Carafa. In 1557 work began on the construction of schools and a new church, under the guidance of Polidoro Cafaro and later under Jesuit architect Giovanni Tristano, who was replaced by one of his pupils, the Jesuit Giovanni De Rosis. [1]
Following the acquisition in 1571 of the palace of Andrea of Evoli, the 16th century De Rosis cloister was built, between 1572 and 1578, and is now incorporated into the seventeenth-century structures. The current Monumental Cloister was begun in 1605 and completed in 1653, designed by the Jesuit architect Giuseppe Valeriano since the De Rosis had been recalled to Rome for the construction of the Roman College. The Jesuit Pietro Provedi and Agazio Stoia helped complete the work, which had been consecrated in 1632. [2]
The Society of Jesus values the work, as attested by two plaques in honour of the benefactors Roberta Carafa of Stigliano (dated 1583 and placed on the portal) and Cesare del Ponte (built in 1653 and designed by Cosimo Fanzago). The latter plaque is located in the courtyard and is distinguished by a marble coat of arms on which is engraved in Latin: "Children of Cesare De Ponte, with the father's wealth, built the entire school in 1605. The Society of Jesus places this monument with gratitude in 1653."[ citation needed ]
When in 1767 the Jesuits were expelled from the Kingdom of Naples, the Bourbon Ferdinand IV made it a public school with the name "House of the Savior," and in 1770 a boarding school was opened. The boarding school became a hospital for Russian troops in 1799 and in 1812 it was elevated to the rank of high school. In 1860 by government decree the high school was abolished and its premises were annexed to the university. After a brief period that saw the return of the Jesuits before their renewed expulsion from the Kingdom of Naples, the University settled permanently in the complex under Joseph Bonaparte. It was in those years of French domination that imposing monuments were added to the courtyard under the guidance of Stefano Gasse, official architect of the Royal University. [2]
Francesco Borromini, byname of Francesco Castelli, was an Italian architect born in the modern Swiss canton of Ticino who, with his contemporaries Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Pietro da Cortona, was a leading figure in the emergence of Roman Baroque architecture.
Baroque architecture is a highly decorative and theatrical style which appeared in Italy in the early 17th century and gradually spread across Europe. It was originally introduced by the Catholic Church, particularly by the Jesuits, as a means to combat the Reformation and the Protestant church with a new architecture that inspired surprise and awe. It reached its peak in the High Baroque (1625–1675), when it was used in churches and palaces in Italy, Spain, Portugal, France, Bavaria and Austria. In the Late Baroque period (1675–1750), it reached as far as Russia, the Ottoman Empire and the Spanish and Portuguese colonies in Latin America. In about 1730, an even more elaborately decorative variant called Rococo appeared and flourished in Central Europe.
Daniello Bartoli, SJ was an Italian Jesuit writer and historiographer, celebrated by the poet Giacomo Leopardi as the "Dante of Italian prose"
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Vincenzo Carafa was an Italian Jesuit priest and spiritual writer, elected the seventh Superior-General of the Society of Jesus.
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Fra Gregorio Carafa was a nobleman from the House of Carafa and the 61st Grand Master of the Order of Saint John, from 1680 to his death in 1690.
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Sant'Onofrio al Gianicolo is a titular church in Trastevere, Rome. It is the official church of the papal order of knighthood Order of the Holy Sepulchre. A side chapel is dedicated to the Order and a former grand master, Nicola Canali is entombed there. It is located on the Janiculum. Since 1946, the church has been under the care of the American congregation of the Franciscan Friars of the Atonement.
Cesare Dandini was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active mainly in his native city of Florence.
The Church of St Job is a 15th-century Roman Catholic church located overlooking the campo of the same name, known as Sant'Agiopo in Venetian dialect, on the south bank of the Cannaregio canal near Ponte dei Tre Archi in the sestiere of Cannaregio of Venice, northern Italy,
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The Hospital of the Holy Spirit is the oldest hospital in Europe, located in Rome, Italy. It now serves as a convention center. The complex lies in rione Borgo, east of Vatican City and next to the modern Ospedale di Santo Spirito. The hospital was established on the site of the former Schola Saxonum, a part of the complex houses of the Museo Storico.
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