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In United States law,an Alford plea,also called a Kennedy plea in West Virginia,an Alford guilty plea,and the Alford doctrine,is a guilty plea in criminal court,whereby a defendant in a criminal case does not admit to the criminal act and asserts innocence,even if the evidence presented by the prosecution would be likely to persuade a judge or jury to find the defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. This can be caused by circumstantial evidence and testimony favoring the prosecution and difficulty finding evidence and witnesses that would aid the defense.
Sara Jane Olson is an American far-left activist who was a member of the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA) in 1975. The group disbanded and she was a fugitive for decades before being arrested. In 2001,she pleaded guilty to attempted murder related to a failed bombing plot. In 2003 she pleaded guilty to second-degree murder related the death of a customer during a botched bank robbery the SLA committed in California. Known then as Soliah,she was also accused of helping a group hide Patty Hearst,a kidnapped newspaper heiress,in 1974. After being federally indicted in 1976,Soliah was a wanted fugitive for several decades. She lived for periods in Zimbabwe and the U.S. states of Washington and Minnesota.
A plea bargain is an agreement in criminal law proceedings,whereby the prosecutor provides a concession to the defendant in exchange for a plea of guilt or nolo contendere. This may mean that the defendant will plead guilty to a less serious charge,or to one of the several charges,in return for the dismissal of other charges;or it may mean that the defendant will plead guilty to the original criminal charge in return for a more lenient sentence.
Thomas Arthur Mesereau Jr. is an American attorney known for defending Michael Jackson in his 2005 child molestation trial,as well as Mike Tyson,Bill Cosby and,in 2023,Danny Masterson,a case in which Mesereau was sanctioned by the judge
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Bonnie Michelle Dumanis was the District Attorney of San Diego County,California. She held the office 2003 to 2017. Dumanis is a Republican,though the office she held was officially nonpartisan. She was the first openly gay or lesbian DA in the country. She was the first woman and the first Jewish District Attorney in San Diego.
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Padilla v. Commonwealth of Kentucky,559 U.S. 356 (2010),is a case in which the United States Supreme Court decided that criminal defense attorneys must advise noncitizen clients about the deportation risks of a guilty plea. The case extended the Supreme Court's prior decisions on criminal defendants' Sixth Amendment right to counsel to immigration consequences.
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Amy Sauber Berman Jackson is an American attorney and jurist serving as a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia.
Judy Clare Clarke is an American criminal defense attorney who has represented several high-profile defendants such as Ted Kaczynski,Eric Rudolph,Dzhokhar Tsarnaev,Joseph Edward Duncan,Zacarias Moussaoui,Jared Lee Loughner,Robert Gregory Bowers,Burford Furrow,Lisa Montgomery and Susan Smith.
Glasser v. United States,315 U.S. 60 (1942),was a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court on two issues of constitutional criminal procedure. Glasser was the first Supreme Court decision to hold that the Assistance of Counsel Clause of the Sixth Amendment required the reversal of a criminal defendant's conviction if his lawyer's representation of him was limited by a conflict of interest.
People v. Jovan Jackson,210 Cal.App.4th 525 (2012) is a landmark decision by the Fourth Appellate District of California,which affirmed that persons that associate to collectively cultivate medical marijuana are entitled to a legal defense as provided by California Senate Bill 420. The decision has defined medical marijuana law in the state of California.
Lafler v. Cooper,566 U.S. 156 (2012),was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court clarified the Sixth Amendment standard for reversing convictions due to ineffective assistance of counsel during plea bargaining. The Court ruled that when a lawyer's ineffective assistance leads to the rejection of a plea agreement,a defendant is entitled to relief if the outcome of the plea process would have been different with competent advice. In such cases,the Court ruled that the Sixth Amendment requires the trial judge to exercise discretion to determine an appropriate remedy.
The two criminal trials of Paul Manafort were the first cases brought to trial by the special counsel's investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election. Manafort served as campaign chair for the Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign from June 20 to August 19,2016. In July 2017,the FBI conducted a raid of Manafort's home,authorized by search warrant under charges of interference in the 2016 election. Manafort and his business assistant Rick Gates were both indicted and arrested in October 2017 for charges of conspiracy against the United States,making false statements,money laundering,and failing to register as foreign agents for Ukraine. Gates entered a plea bargain in February 2018.
References
- ↑ "San Diego Superior Court Department SD-15" . Retrieved 2017-12-23.
- 1 2 "Chalking the plank: Judge won't allow bank protester to claim first amendment rights" . Retrieved 2017-12-23.
- ↑ "Alleged Bank of America Official Threatens Protester" . Retrieved 2017-12-23.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "He chalks the line: City Attorney prosecutes man for writing anti-bank slogans in water soluble chalk" . Retrieved 2017-12-23.
- 1 2 "Jury erases sidewalk chalk charges" . Retrieved 2017-12-23.
- 1 2 "Judge issues gag order in case of man prosecuted for scribbling anti-bank messages in chalk" . Retrieved 2017-12-23.
- 1 2 3 "Sidewalk chalk activist lands in court" . Retrieved 2017-12-23.
- 1 2 3 "Acquitted on all 13 counts of vandalism, jury says Jeff Olson should be free" . Retrieved 2017-12-23.
- ↑ Perry, Tony (2013-06-29). "San Diego mayor, city attorney in dust-up over chalk vandalism case". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035 . Retrieved 2017-12-24.
- ↑ "Is it the mess or the message? City Attorney has been selective when prosecuting chalk vandalism" . Retrieved 2017-12-24.
- ↑ "13 Years In Jail For Writing On A Sidewalk With Chalk?". NPR.org. Retrieved 2017-12-24.
- ↑ Rivlin-Nadler, Max. "San Diego Man Facing 13 Years in Prison for Using Chalk on Sidewalk". Gawker. Retrieved 2017-12-24.
- ↑ "San Diego man faces prison time for using chalk on sidewalk". NY Daily News. Retrieved 2017-12-24.
- ↑ Wing, Nick (2013-06-28). "Anti-Bank Chalk Protester Jeff Olson Hit With Gag Order In Vandalism Case". Huffington Post. Retrieved 2017-12-24.
- ↑ Hall, Matthew T. "San Diego sidewalk chalk prosecution talk of the nation". sandiegouniontribune.com. Retrieved 2017-12-24.
- ↑ "Former pot dispensary manager gets probation, 6 months in jail" . Retrieved 2017-12-23.
- ↑ "Medical marijuana co-op manager's conviction overturned" . Retrieved 2017-12-23.
- ↑ "Drug conviction reversed in medical marijuana case" . Retrieved 2017-12-23.