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Brock Edward Lesnar is an American professional wrestler and former mixed martial artist, amateur wrestler, and professional American football player. He is currently signed to WWE where he is designated a "free agent", allowing him to appear on both the Raw and SmackDown brands. Often regarded as one of the most prolific athletes in the world, Lesnar is the only person to have won all of the primary heavyweight championships in WWE, Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).
Maria Yuryevna Sharapova is a Russian former world No. 1 tennis player. She competed on the WTA Tour from 2001 to 2020 and was ranked world No. 1 in singles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for 21 weeks. She is one of ten women, and the only Russian, to achieve the career Grand Slam. She is also an Olympic medalist, having won silver in women's singles at the 2012 London Olympics. She has been considered as one of the best competitors of her generation.
The World Anti-Doping Agency is a foundation initiated by the International Olympic Committee based in Canada to promote, coordinate, and monitor the fight against drugs in sports. The agency's key activities include scientific research, education, development of anti-doping capacities, and monitoring of the World Anti-Doping Code, whose provisions are enforced by the UNESCO International Convention Against Doping in Sport. The aims of the Council of Europe Anti-Doping Convention and the United States Anti-Doping Agency are also closely aligned with those of WADA.
Nikethamide is a stimulant which mainly affects the respiratory cycle. Widely known by its former trade name of Coramine, it was used in the mid-twentieth century as a medical countermeasure against tranquilizer overdoses, before the advent of endotracheal intubation and positive-pressure lung expansion. It is no longer commonly considered to be of value for such purposes.
Competitors at the Olympic Games have used banned athletic performance-enhancing drugs.
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The Russian Federation competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom, from 27 July to 12 August 2012. This was the nation's fifth consecutive appearance at the Summer Olympics as an independent nation. The Russian Olympic Committee sent a total of 436 athletes to the Games, 208 men and 228 women, to compete in 24 sports. For the first time in its Olympic history, Russia was represented by more female than male athletes.
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The Russian Federation competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. This was Russia's sixth consecutive appearance at the Summer Olympics as an independent nation.
Croatia competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. This was the nation's seventh consecutive appearance at the Summer Olympics. The Croatian Olympic Committee confirmed a roster of 87 athletes, 68 men and 19 women, to compete across 18 sports at the Games.
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Systematic doping of Russian athletes has resulted in 48 Olympic medals stripped from Russia, four times the number of the next highest, and more than 30% of the global total. Russia has the most competitors who have been caught doping at the Olympic Games in the world, with more than 150.
The practice of doping in tennis involves the use of prohibited, performance-enhancing substances listed by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). The practice is considered unsportsmanlike and unethical, with punishments for such offences ranging from official warnings to career bans, depending on the severity of the offence.
References
- ↑ "Howard L. Jacobs – THE ATHLETE'S LAWYER". Athleteslawyer.com. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- ↑ "USA – Nationwide – Sports Law Lawyers & Law Firms – USA – Chambers and Partners". Chambersandpartners.com. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- ↑ Briggs, Simon (October 4, 2016). "Maria Sharapova optimistic ban will be cut to one year by CAS today". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- ↑ "Morning Report: Jones may get reduced sentence". Mmafighting.com. October 24, 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- ↑ "Lesnar Hires Prominent Attorney To Fight PEDs Case". Mmamania.com. October 11, 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- ↑ "-INSIDE Korea JoongAng Daily". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- ↑ "CAS Confirms Bobby Lea's Anti-Doping Violation, Shortens Sanction – Cyclocross Magazine – Cyclocross News, Races, Bikes, Photos, Videos". Cxmagazine.com. February 25, 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- ↑ "Jamaica's Campbell-Brown has appeal upheld". Espn.com. February 25, 2014. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- ↑ "16 months for a supplement, and now? - 3 Wire Sports". Archived from the original on December 28, 2016. Retrieved December 27, 2016.
- ↑ "CAS 2013/A/3327 Marin Cilic v. International Tennis Federation : CAS 2013/A/3335 International Tennis Federation v. Marin Cilic" (PDF). Morgansl.com. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- ↑ "Diana Taurasi Cleared". Articles.courant.com. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- ↑ "Justice: 'Six-month' rule booted, appropriately - 3 Wire Sports". Archived from the original on May 10, 2017. Retrieved December 27, 2016.
