Hubert Jura aka Herbert Jung (born 2 July 1916) was a Polish Army officer, resistance fighter, and a Nazi collaborator (SD or Gestapo agent) who was sentenced to death by the Home Army. [1]
He was born in Tucheler Heide, German Empire on 2 July 1916. [2] He was first an officer of the Polish Army, then of the underground Home Army which he left or from which he was removed after some of his crimes came to light, and subsequently a member of the nationalist National Armed Forces as well as his own organization. The organization he created, Tom’s Organization, collaborated with the Germans. Jura was sentenced to death by the Home Army underground court for his collaboration with Nazi Germany. [3] Jura came from a Pomeranian mixed family with Polish and German roots. In 1943, after removing him from the Home Army, he set up his own intelligence organization (Tom's Organization). At the end of summer he started cooperation with the officer of the SS (and at the same time the Gestapo). Probably offered him a cooperation which consisted of a common fight against the communists, in exchange for the supply of arms for "Tom Organization" and care during his travels between Warsaw and Radom. [4] In 1944, after the fall of the Warsaw Uprising, members of the Tom Organization came to Częstochowa. “Tom" received a villa from the Germans at Jasnogórska Street, which became the headquarter of the group for a few months. [5]
In 1944, a group of soldiers of the National Armed Forces commanded by Jura attacked the village of Petrykozy. According to the report from March 9, two Jews hiding there were murdered. [6] After the war, Jura and former Gestapo member Paul Fuchs [7] operated for the US intelligence network created to work in the newly established countries controlled by the Soviet Union. Later, Jura moved to Venezuela, and in 1993 to Argentina. [8]
The Home Army was the dominant resistance movement in German-occupied Poland during World War II. The Home Army was formed in February 1942 from the earlier Związek Walki Zbrojnej established in the aftermath of the German and Soviet invasions in September 1939. Over the next two years, the Home Army absorbed most of the other Polish partisans and underground forces. Its allegiance was to the Polish government-in-exile in London, and it constituted the armed wing of what came to be known as the Polish Underground State. Estimates of the Home Army's 1944 strength range between 200,000 and 600,000. The latter number made the Home Army not only Poland's largest underground resistance movement but, along with Soviet and Yugoslav partisans, one of Europe's largest World War II underground movements.
Częstochowa is a city in southern Poland on the Warta River with 214,342 inhabitants, making it the thirteenth-largest city in Poland. It is situated in the Silesian Voivodeship since 1999, and was previously the capital of the Częstochowa Voivodeship (1975–1998). However, Częstochowa is historically part of the Lesser Poland region, not of Silesia, and before 1795, it belonged to the Kraków Voivodeship. Częstochowa is located in the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland. It is the largest economic, cultural and administrative hub in the northern part of the Silesian Voivodeship.
National Armed Forces was a Polish right-wing underground military organization of the National Democracy operating from 1942. During World War II, NSZ troops fought against Nazi Germany and communist partisans. There were also cases of fights with the Home Army.
Stefan Paweł Rowecki was a Polish general, journalist and the leader of the Armia Krajowa. He was murdered by the Gestapo in prison on the personal order of Heinrich Himmler.
Witold Pilecki was a Polish World War II cavalry officer, intelligence agent, and resistance leader.
Jan Roman Bytnar, nom de guerre "Rudy" (Ginger) was a Polish scoutmaster, a member of Polish scouting anti-Nazi resistance, and a lieutenant in the Home Army during the Second World War.
The Holy Cross Mountains Brigade was a tactical unit of the Polish National Armed Forces established on 11 August 1944. It did not obey orders to merge with the Home Army in 1944 and was a part of the Military Organization Lizard Union faction. Its soldiers fought simultaneously with the Nazi German and the communist underground.
The Polish resistance movement in World War II, with the Polish Home Army at its forefront covered both German and Soviet zones of occupation. The Polish resistance is notable among others for disrupting German supply lines to the Eastern Front, and providing intelligence reports to the British intelligence agencies. It was a part of the Polish Underground State.
Jan Mazurkiewicz, pseudonym: "Zagłoba", "Socha", "Sęp", "Radosław" was a Polish military leader and politician, colonel of Home Army and brigadier general of the Polish People's Army. Founder of the Secret Military Organization, commander of Kedyw and the Radosław Group during Warsaw Uprising. After the war, he was a political prisoner of the Stalinist period. From 1964 he was vice-president of Society of Fighters for Freedom and Democracy.
Abraham Gancwajch (1902–1943) was a prominent Nazi collaborator in the Warsaw Ghetto during the World War II occupation of Poland, and a Jewish kingpin of the ghetto underworld. Opinions about his ghetto activities are controversial, though modern research concludes unanimously that he was an informer and collaborator motivated chiefly by personal interest.
Jan Kobylański was a Polish-Paraguayan businessman. He was the founder of the Union of Polish Associations and Organizations in Latin America the largest Polish immigrant organization of South America. He was also a founder of one of the world's largest companies involved in editing postage stamps, and coins mintage. He has written books on philately, as well as on the mediation policy of the Roman Curia. He was formerly the honorary consul of Poland to Paraguay, and the honorary consul of Paraguay to Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
Operation Heads was the code name for a series of assassinations of Nazi officials by the World War II Polish Resistance. Those targeted for assassination had been sentenced to death by Polish Underground Special Courts for crimes against Polish citizens during the World War II German occupation of Poland. The operation's code name, literally "Operation Little Heads", was a sardonic reference to the Totenkopf insignia on Nazi German SS uniforms and headgear.
Kazimierz Piechowski was a Polish engineer, Boy Scout during the Second Polish Republic, and political prisoner of the Nazis held at Auschwitz concentration camp. He was a soldier of the Polish Home Army, and again became a political prisoner under the post-war communist government of Poland for seven years.
Teodor Kufel, pseudonym Teoch, Ryszard Jankowski was a Polish military and political activist. During World War II he was active in the anti-Nazi movement. After the war, he served as a general in the Polish People's Army. From 1964 to 1979 he was commander of the Internal Military Service.
Augustyn Träger, codenames Sęk (Knot) and Tragarz (Porter), was a Polish-Austrian soldier during World War I and an intelligence officer in interwar and German-occupied Poland. Along with his son, Roman Träger, he played an important role in obtaining intelligence on the German V-1 and V-2 missiles which were being tested on the island of Usedom in Pomerania. He passed the information along to the Polish resistance organization Home Army, which then passed it on to the Allies in London. This led to the Allied bombing of Peenemünde in Operation Hydra in 1943.
Ludwik "Hanka" Kalkstein, also known as Ludwik Kalkstein-Stoliński, was a Polish Nazi collaborator of German descent. He worked as a Nazi police agent during the German occupation of Poland and then as a Stalinist informant after the Soviet takeover of Poland. Along with his wife (Blanka Kaczorowska "Sroka", they became traitors to the Polish AK resistance organization under not one but two consecutive totalitarian regimes. Kalkstein was responsible for the arrest and execution by the Nazis of at least 14 officers of the Polish underground, including General Stefan Rowecki.
The Tatra Confederation, or Confederation of the Tatra Mountains, was a Polish resistance organization operating in the southernmost Podhale region during the Nazi German occupation of Poland. The Tatra Confederation was founded in May 1941 in Nowy Targ – the historical capital of Podhale, by the poet and partisan, Augustyn Suski ; with Tadeusz Popek as his deputy. The organization had its ideological roots in the peasant movement of the Goral Lands of interwar Poland.
Siergiej Wowkotrub is a classical and jazz violinist, composer, and member of the Sergei Wowkotrub Gypsy Swing Quartet.
During the German occupation of Poland, some citizens of all its major ethnic groups collaborated with the Germans. Estimates of the number of collaborators vary. Collaboration in Poland was less institutionalized than in some other countries and has been described as marginal. During and after the war, the Polish government in exile and the Polish resistance movement punished collaborators and sentenced to death thousands of them.
Hubert Jura aka Herbert Jung .... acting as Captain Tom, in fact, a Gestapo agent (pl - Hubert Jura vel Herbert Jung....wystepujacy jako kapitan Tom w rzeczywistości agent gestapo.)