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Hugo Wesendonck (24 April 1817 - 19 December 1900) was a German entrepreneur, lawyer [1] and politician.
Wesendonck was the third son of five children of the businessman August Wesendonck and his wife Sophia. One of his brothers was Otto Wesendonck, whose wife Mathilde Wesendonck was a close friend of Richard Wagner. Hugo Wesendonck studied after his Abitur at Gymnasium in Elberfeld 1834-1837 Law at the University of Bonn, where he was one of the founders of the Corps Saxonia. [2] After completing his military service and completing his studies in Berlin, he began a civil service career as an auscultator (trainee lawyer) at the district court in Elberfeld in 1837. In 1842 Wesendonck became a lawyer in Dusseldorf.
After the outbreak of the March Revolution in 1848, Wesendonck was a co-founder of the Association for Democratic Monarchy in Düsseldorf and took part in the pre-parliament. From 18 May 1848 until the end of the rump parliament on 18 June 1849, Wesendonck was a member of the Frankfurt National Assembly for the Düsseldorf constituency. There he was a member of the left parliamentary groups Deutscher Hof and Donnersberg as well as secretary of the Central March Association. Wesendonck was one of the speakers at the people's assembly on the Pfingstweide in Frankfurt am Main in September 1848. In October he took part in the Berlin Democratic Congress and in the anti-parliament. From March to May 1849 he edited the parliamentary correspondence of the Left in Frankfurt am Main. In the same year he became a member of the Second Chamber of the Prussian Landtag.
After the escalation of the imperial constitution campaign, an investigation was brought against Wesendonck in Düsseldorf in July 1849 for high treason and treason, which he evaded in December by fleeing to the United States via Switzerland and France. In 1850, Wesendonck was sentenced to death in absentia.
In the United States, Wesendonck began with the help of his older brother Otto, who emigrated with his wife to Zurich, [3] a trading business with manufactured goods based in Philadelphia. In 1860, he founded Germania Life Insurance and the Deutsche Sparbank in New York.
The German revolutions of 1848–1849, the opening phase of which was also called the March Revolution, were initially part of the Revolutions of 1848 that broke out in many European countries. They were a series of loosely coordinated protests and rebellions in the states of the German Confederation, including the Austrian Empire. The revolutions, which stressed pan-Germanism, demonstrated popular discontent with the traditional, largely autocratic political structure of the thirty-nine independent states of the Confederation that inherited the German territory of the former Holy Roman Empire after its dismantlement as a result of the Napoleonic Wars. This process began in the mid-1840s.
The Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, commonly called the "Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom", was a constituent land of the Austrian Empire from 1815 to 1866. It was created in 1815 by resolution of the Congress of Vienna in recognition of the Austrian House of Habsburg-Lorraine's rights to the former Duchy of Milan and the former Republic of Venice after the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, proclaimed in 1805, had collapsed.
Wilhelm Eduard Albrecht was a German constitutional lawyer, jurist, and docent. Albrecht was most notable as a member of the Göttingen Seven, a group of academics who in 1837 protested against the abrogation of the constitution of the Kingdom of Hanover by King Ernest Augustus.
Agnes Mathilde Wesendonck was a German poet and author. The words of five of her verses were the basis of Richard Wagner's Wesendonck Lieder; the composer was infatuated with her, and his wife Minna blamed Mathilde for the break-up of their marriage.
Johann Ludwig Karl Heinrich von Struve was the youngest son of the large brood of children of Johann Christoph Gustav von Struve and Sibilla Christiane Friederike von Hochstetter; part of the Struve family and brother to Gustav Struve.
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Karl Wilhelm Freiherr von Willisen was a Prussian general.
Anton von Prokesch-Osten was an Austrian diplomat, statesman and general.
Ludwig Johann Karl Gregor Eusebius Freiherr Roth von Schreckenstein was a Prussian General of the cavalry and Minister of War.
Josef Rank was a German-Austrian writer.
Max Garlieb August Predöhl was a Hamburg lawyer and politician. He served as Senator and First Mayor of Hamburg.
The Palatine uprising was a rebellion that took place in May and June 1849 in the Rhenish Palatinate, then an exclave territory of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Related to uprisings across the Rhine river in Baden, it was part of the widespread Imperial Constitution Campaign (Reichsverfassungskampagne). Revolutionaries worked to defend the Constitution as well as to secede from the Kingdom of Bavaria.
The Battle of Kirchheimbolanden was the first battle in the Palatine Uprising of 1849. It took place on 14 June near Kirchheimbolanden and ended in the defeat of the volunteers (Freischaren) by the Prussian Army.
Hugo Paul was a German politician (KPD). In 1932 he was briefly a member of the country's national parliament ("Reichstag").
Hugo Wilhelm Henkel was a German chemist and industrialist. He went down in history as the inventor of the Persil detergent.
Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Wander was a German pedagogue and Germanist. He published the largest existing collection of German-language proverbs.
Herbert Arthur Strauss was a German-born American historian.
Franz Laurenz Joseph Maria Cantador or Franz Lorenz Joseph Maria Cantador was the commander of the Düsseldorf vigilance committee during the German revolutions of 1848–1849 and later was an officer leading a regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
Otto Heinrich Mengelberg was a German religious, portrait, and history painter, associated with the Düsseldorfer Malerschule.
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