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Dermatitis is a term used for different types of skin inflammation, typically characterized by itchiness, redness and a rash. In cases of short duration, there may be small blisters, while in long-term cases the skin may become thickened. The area of skin involved can vary from small to covering the entire body. Dermatitis is also called eczema but the same term is often used for the most common type of skin inflammation, atopic dermatitis.
Alopecia areata, also known as spot baldness, is a condition in which hair is lost from some or all areas of the body. It often results in a few bald spots on the scalp, each about the size of a coin. Psychological stress and illness are possible factors in bringing on alopecia areata in individuals at risk, but in most cases there is no obvious trigger. People are generally otherwise healthy. In a few cases, all the hair on the scalp is lost, or all body hair is lost. Hair loss can be permanent, or temporary.
Pimecrolimus is an immunosuppressant drug of the calcineurin inhibitor class used in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (eczema).
Clobetasol propionate is a corticosteroid used to treat skin conditions such as eczema, contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, steroid responsive dermatosis, and psoriasis.
Ultraviolet light therapy or ultraviolet phototherapy is a treatment for psoriasis, atopic skin disorder, vitiligo and other skin diseases.
Alopecia universalis(AU), also known as alopecia areata universalis, is a medical condition involving the loss of all body hair, including eyebrows, eyelashes, chest hair, armpit hair, and pubic hair. It is the most severe form of alopecia areata (AA). People with the condition are usually healthy and have no other symptoms and a normal life expectancy.
Nummular dermatitis is one of the many forms of dermatitis. It is characterized by round or oval-shaped itchy lesions. The name comes from the Latin word "nummus," which means "coin."
Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as atopic eczema, is a long-term type of inflammation of the skin. AD is also often called simply eczema but the same term is also used to refer to dermatitis, the larger group of skin conditions. AD results in itchy, red, swollen, and cracked skin. Clear fluid may come from the affected areas, which can thicken over time.
Calcipotriol, also known as calcipotriene, is a synthetic derivative of calcitriol, a form of vitamin D. It is used in the treatment of psoriasis. It is safe for long-term application in psoriatic skin conditions.
Psychodermatology is the treatment of skin disorders using psychological and psychiatric techniques by addressing the interaction between mind and skin. Though historically there has not been strong scientific support for its practice, there is increasing evidence that behavioral treatments may be effective in the management of chronic skin disorders.
Trachyonychia is a condition characterized by rough accentuated linear ridges on the nails of the fingers and toes. When the condition occurs on all the twenty nails of the fingers and toes, it is known as twenty-nail dystrophy, most evident in childhood, favoring males.
Madarosis is a condition that results in the loss of eyelashes, and sometimes eyebrows. The term "madarosis" is derived from the ancient Greek "madaros", meaning "bald". It originally was a disease of only losing eyelashes but it currently is the loss of both eyelashes and eyebrows. Eyebrows and eyelashes are both important in the prevention of bacteria and other foreign objects from entering the eye. A majority of patients with madarosis have leprosy, and it was reported that 76% of patients with varying types of leprosy had madarosis.
Steroid-induced skin atrophy is thinning of the skin as a result of prolonged exposure to topical steroids. In people with psoriasis using topical steroids it occurs in up to 5% of people after a year of use. Intermittent use of topical steroids for atopic dermatitis is safe and does not cause skin thinning.
Topical steroids are the topical forms of corticosteroids. Topical steroids are the most commonly prescribed topical medications for the treatment of rash and eczema. Topical steroids have anti-inflammatory properties and are classified based on their skin vasoconstrictive abilities. There are numerous topical steroid products. All the preparations in each class have the same anti-inflammatory properties but essentially differ in base and price.
Hand eczema presents on the palms and soles, and may sometimes be difficult or impossible to differentiate from atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, and psoriasis, which also commonly involve the hands. Even a biopsy of all these conditions may not result in a definitive diagnosis, as all three conditions may demonstrate spongiosis and crusting on the hands.
Spotted lunulae is a distinctive change that occurs with alopecia areata.
Tofacitinib, sold under the brand Xeljanz among others, is a medication used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, polyarticular course juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and ulcerative colitis. It is a janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, discovered and developed by the National Institutes of Health and Pfizer.
Sodium hypochlorite washes are skin cleansers formulated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and surfactants. These cleansing liquids or gels are lathered onto wet skin and rinsed off. They are recommended for inflammatory skin conditions, microbial driven skin disorders and body odor.
In the event of a flood, many residents and emergency personal are exposed to unclean water, which can result in several different types of skin conditions. Flood waters contain pathogens and chemicals from coming in contact with raw sewage, oil, gasoline, and household chemicals such as paints and insecticides. A major concern is large scale, unintentional release of contaminants from industrial, superfund, or agricultural sites. The unknown severity of floodwater contamination can raise concerns for skin infections, inflammation, as well as psychological stress-related skin diseases.
References
- ↑ Tausk, F.; Whitmore, S. E. (1999). "A pilot study of hypnosis in the treatment of patients with psoriasis". Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 68 (4): 221–225. doi:10.1159/000012336. PMID 10396014.
- ↑ Mirvish, I. (1978). "Hypnotherapy for the child with chronic eczema: A case report". South African Medical Journal. 54: 410–412.
- 1 2 3 Mendoza, M.E.; Capafons, A. (2009). "Efficacy of clinical hypnosis: A summary of its empirical evidence" (PDF). Papeles del Psicólogo. 30 (2): 98–116. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 January 2013. Retrieved 29 April 2013.
- ↑ Willemsen, R.; Vanderlinden, J.; Deconinck, A.; Roseeuw, D. (2006). "Hypnotherapeutic management of alopecia areata". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 55 (2): 233–237. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2005.09.025. PMID 16844504.
- ↑ Shenefelt, P. S. (2008). "Relaxation, meditation, and hypnosis for skin disorders and procedures". In De Luca, B. N. (ed.). Mind-body relaxation and research focus. New York: Nova Science Publishers. pp. 45–63.
- ↑ Stewart, A.C.; Thomas, S.E. (1995). "Hypnotherapy as a treatment for atopic dermatitis in adults and children". British Journal of Dermatology. 132 (5): 778–783. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb00726.x. PMID 7772485.
- ↑ Stewart, J. H. (2005). "Hypnosis in contemporary medicine". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 80 (4): 511–524. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.544.116 . doi:10.4065/80.4.511. PMID 15819289.
- ↑ Saadat, H.; Kain, Z. N. (2007). "Hypnosis as a therapeutic tool in pediatrics" (PDF). Pediatrics. 120 (1): 179–181. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-1082. PMID 17606576.
