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Tajikistan harkens to the Samanid Empire (819–999). The Tajik people came under Russian rule in the 1860s. The Basmachi revolt broke out in the wake of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and was quelled in the early 1920s during the Russian Civil War. In 1924, Tajikistan became an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics of the Soviet Union, the Tajik ASSR, within Uzbekistan. In 1929, Tajikistan was made one of the component republics of the Soviet Union – Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic – and it kept that status until gaining independence 1991 after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
The president of Tajikistan is the head of state and de facto head of government of the Republic of Tajikistan. The president heads the executive branch of the country's federal government and is the supreme commander in chief of the Armed Forces of Tajikistan.
The Communist Party of Tajikistan is a communist party in Tajikistan, and the oldest political party in the country. The party was founded on 6 January 1924 and was the ruling party of the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic from 1924 to 1929 and the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic from 1929 to 1990 as part of the Soviet Union as a republican branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. It was banned in 1991 following the 1991 coup.
Sadriddin Ayni was a Tajik intellectual who wrote poetry, fiction, journalism, history, and a dictionary. He is regarded as Tajikistan's national poet and one of the most important writers in the country's history.
The ruble was the currency of Tajikistan between 10 May 1995 and 29 October 2000. It was ostensibly subdivided into 100 tanga, although no coins or banknotes were issued denominated in tanga. The currency was only issued as paper money, with denominations to up to 10,000 rubles.
The First Secretary of the Communist Party of Tajikistan was the head of the Communist Party of Tajikistan and the highest Executive power in the republic of Tajikistan from 1924 until November 1990.
Abdulmajid Salimovich Dostiev is a Tajikistan politician and diplomat.
Ozod Muhiddinovna Aminova was a Soviet-Tajikistani poet, sometimes known by the mononym Ozod.
Sa'diniso Hafizovna Hakimova was a Tajikistani obstetrician and gynecologist.
Gulchehra Baqoeva was a Tajikistani actress of the Soviet era.
Gulchihra Sulaymonova was a Tajikistani poet.
Munzifa Kakharovna Gafarova was a Tajikistani philosopher. She was the first woman from Central Asia to be awarded a doctorate in philosophy.
Rafiqa Musoeva is a Tajikistani politician whose career began during the Soviet era.
Muharram Rasulovna Rasulova was a Tajikistani botanist, active during the Soviet era.
Khosiat Qosimovna Boboeva is a Tajikistani historian of the Soviet era.
Rohat Abduvahobona Nabieva was a Tajikistani historian, active in the Soviet era and after. She was among the first historians in her country to consider history through the lens of gender.
Sofia Niyozova was a Tajikistani physician, active during the Soviet era.
Guljahon Bobosodiqova (Tajik: Гулҷаҳон Бобосодиқова is a Tajik politician and prominent women's rights activist. She has served as a deputy in the Supreme Soviet of the Tajik SSR and the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Bobosodiqova was honored three times with the Order of the Red Banner of Labor and was a recipient of the Order of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of Tajikistan.
Nizoramo Odinovna Zaripova is a Soviet politician and women's rights advocate. She headed the Women's Department of the Communist Party of Tajikistan from 1947 to 1956 and then became a Secretary of the Party between 1956 and 1966. In 1966, she was elected as Deputy Chair of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic. During her tenure, through 1989, she stepped into the Chair of the Presidium between January and February 1984, as acting head of state.
Yuri Filimonovich Ponosov is a Tajikistani of Russian descent and formerly Soviet politician.