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Suleiman I, commonly known as Suleiman the Magnificent in the West and Suleiman the Lawgiver in his realm, was the tenth and longest-reigning Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 until his death in 1566. Under his administration, the Ottoman caliphate ruled over at least 25 million people.
A queen consort is the wife of a reigning king, or an empress consort in the case of an emperor. A queen consort usually shares her spouse's social rank and status. She holds the feminine equivalent of the king's monarchical titles, and is crowned and anointed, but historically, she does not formally share the regnant's political and military powers, unless on occasion acting as regent.
Ibrahim was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1640 until 1648. He was born in İstanbul, the son of Ahmed I by Valide Kösem Sultan, an ethnic Greek originally named Anastasia.
Mehmed IV also known as Mehmed the Hunter was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1648 to 1687. He came to the throne at the age of six after his father was overthrown in a coup. Mehmed went on to become the second longest reigning sultan in Ottoman history after Suleiman the Magnificent. While the initial and final years of his reign were characterized by military defeat and political instability, during his middle years he oversaw the revival of the empire's fortunes associated with the Köprülü era. Mehmed IV was known by contemporaries as a particularly pious ruler, and was referred to as gazi, or "holy warrior" for his role in the many conquests carried out during his long reign.
Hurrem Sultan, also known as Roxelana, was the chief consort and legal wife of the Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. She became one of the most powerful and influential women in Ottoman history as well as a prominent and controversial figure during the era known as the Sultanate of Women.
The term she-tragedy, also known as pathetic tragedy refers to a vogue in the late 17th and early 18th centuries for tragic plays focused on the sufferings of a woman, sometimes innocent and virtuous but often a woman who had committed some sort of sexual sin. Prominent she-tragedies include Thomas Otway's The Orphan (1680), John Banks' Virtue Betrayed, or, Anna Bullen (1682), Thomas Southerne's The Fatal Marriage (1694), Mary Pix's Ibrahim, the Thirteenth Emperor of the Turks and Nicholas Rowe's The Fair Penitent (1703) and Lady Jane Grey (1715). Rowe was the first to use the term "she-tragedy," in 1714.
George Powell was a 17th-century London actor and playwright who was a member of the United Company. He was the son of the actor Martin Powell, a long-standing member of the King's Company.
Turhan Hatice Sultan was the first Haseki Sultan of the Ottoman Sultan Ibrahim and Valide Sultan as the mother of Mehmed IV. Turhan was prominent for the regency of her young son and her building patronage. She and her mother-in-law, Kösem Sultan, are the only two women in Ottoman history to be regarded as official regents and had supreme control over the Ottoman Empire. As a result, Turhan became one of the prominent figures during the era known as Sultanate of Women.
Kösem Sultan, also known as Mahpeyker Sultan, was the chief consort and legal wife of the Ottoman Sultan Ahmed I, valide sultan as the mother of sultans Murad IV and Ibrahim, and büyük ("elder") valide sultan of Sultan Mehmed IV. She became one of the most powerful and influential women in Ottoman history, as well as a controversial figure during the period known as the Sultanate of Women.
Mary Pix was an English novelist and playwright. As an admirer of Aphra Behn and colleague of Susanna Centlivre, Pix has been called "a link between women writers of the Restoration and Augustan periods".
Bajazet is a five-act tragedy by Jean Racine written in alexandrine verse and first performed at the Hôtel de Bourgogne theatre in January 1672, after Berenice, and before Mithridate. Like Aeschylus in The Persians, Racine took his subject from contemporary history, taking care to choose a far off location, the Ottoman Empire. In 1635, the sultan Murad IV had his brothers and potential rivals Bajazet (Bayezid) and Orcan (Orhan) executed. Racine was inspired by this deed, and centered his play on Bajazet. Racine also develops several romantic subplots in the seraglio. The action is particularly complex, and can only be resolved by a series of deaths and suicides.
Tamara Hejtan was a Bulgarian princess, the daughter of the Bulgarian Emperor Ivan Alexander and his first wife Theodora of Wallachia.
Saliha Dilaşub Sultan, known as Aşub Sultan or Aşube Sultan too, was a consort of Ottoman Sultan Ibrahim and Valide Sultan to their son Suleiman II.
Haseki Sultan was the title used for the chief consort of an Ottoman Sultan. In later years, the meaning of the title changed to "imperial consort". Hürrem Sultan, principal consort and legal wife of Suleiman the Magnificent, was the first holder of this title. The title lost its exclusivity under Ibrahim I, who bestowed it upon eight women simultaneously. The title haseki sultan was used until the 17th century. After that, kadınefendi became the highest ranking title for imperial consorts, although this title was not as prestigious as haseki sultan.
Hatice Sultan was an Ottoman princess, daughter of Sultan Selim I and Hafsa Sultan. She was the sister of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent.
Hanzade Sultan was an Ottoman princess, the daughter of Sultan Ahmed I and Kösem Sultan. She was an half sister of Osman II and a sister of Murad IV and Ibrahim I, and the paternal aunt of Mehmed IV.
Meleki Hatun was a lady-in-waiting to Kösem Sultan, her son Sultan Ibrahim, and later to Turhan Hatice Sultan, Haseki of Ibrahim and mother of Mehmed IV.
The False Friend; or, the Fate of Disobedience is a she-tragedy written by Mary Pix, and first performed at Lincoln's Inn Fields in 1699. The play is a reworking of William Shakespeare's Othello. The original cast featured John Bowman as Viceroy of Sardinia, John Verbruggen as Emilius, John Thurmond as Lorenzo, John Hodgson as Bucarius, Joseph Harris as Roderigo, Elizabeth Barry as Adellaida, Elizabeth Bowman as Appamia, Anne Bracegirdle as Lovisa, and Abigail Lawson as Zelide.
Jane Rogers was an English stage actress. To distinguish her from her daughter she is sometimes referred to as Jane Rogers the Elder.
Margaret Mills was a British stage actress of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century.
References
- 1 2 Carnell, Rachel. (2016). A political biography of Delarivier Manley. Routledge. p. 148. ISBN 9781315653228. OCLC 948602687.
- ↑ Akalin, Esin. (2016). Staging the ottoman turk : british drama, 1656-1792. Columbia University Press. p. 221. ISBN 9783838269191. OCLC 966081570.
- 1 2 Stewart, Ann Marie (2010). The Ravishing Restoration: Aphra Behn, Violence, and Comedy. Susquehanna University Press. p. 58.
- ↑ Domínguez, Pilar Cuder (2014). ""Look to Thy Self, and Guard Thy Character": She-Tragedy and the Conflicts of Female Visibility". Genre in English Literature, 1650-1700: Transitions in Drama and Fiction. Cambria Press. ISBN 9781604978827. OCLC 1000021447.