The World Economic Forum (WEF) is an international non-governmental organization, think tank, and lobbying organisation based in Cologny, Canton of Geneva, Switzerland. It was founded on 24 January 1971 by German engineer Klaus Schwab.
The Fraser Institute is a libertarian-conservative Canadian public policy think tank and registered charity. It is headquartered in Vancouver, with additional offices in Calgary, Toronto, and Montreal. It has links to think tanks worldwide through the Economic Freedom Network and is a member of the free-market Atlas Network.
Angelika Niebler is a German lawyer and politician who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) since 1999. She is a member of the Christian Social Union in Bavaria, part of the European People's Party. Since 2015, she has been serving as her party's deputy chairwoman, under the leadership of successive chairmen Horst Seehofer and Markus Söder.
Consumer confidence is an economic indicator that measures the degree of optimism that consumers feel about the overall state of the economy and their personal financial situation. If the consumer has confidence in the immediate and near future economy and his/her personal finance, then the consumer will spend more than save.
Hans-Werner Sinn is a German economist who served as President of the Ifo Institute for Economic Research from 1999 to 2016. He currently serves on the German economy ministry’s advisory council. He is Professor Emeritus of Economics and Public Finance at the University of Munich.
Purchasing managers' indexes (PMI) are economic indicators derived from monthly surveys of private sector companies.
TARGET2 is the real-time gross settlement (RTGS) system for the Eurozone, and is available to non-Eurozone countries. It was developed by and is owned by the Eurosystem. TARGET2 is based on an integrated central technical infrastructure, called the Single Shared Platform (SSP). SSP is operated by three providing central banks: France, Germany and Italy. TARGET2 started to replace TARGET in November 2007.
The Kiel Institute for the World Economy is an independent, non-profit economic research institute and think tank based in Kiel, Germany. In 2017, it was ranked as one of the top 50 most influential think tanks in the world and was also ranked in the top 15 in the world for economic policy specifically. German business newspaper, Handelsblatt, referred to the institute as "Germany's most influential economic think tank", while Die Welt, stated that "The best economists in the world are in Kiel".
Clemens Fuest is a German economist who has been President of the Ifo Institute for Economic Research and director of the Center for Economic Studies at the University of Munich (LMU) since 2016.
The Ifo Business Climate Index is a closely followed leading indicator for economic activity in Germany prepared by the Ifo Institute for Economic Research in Munich, Germany.
CESifo Economic Studies is a journal on economics published by the CESifo Group. It was established as IFO Studien in 1955 and obtained its current title in 2002.
The Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI) is a scoring system designed by the German environmental and development organisation Germanwatch e.V. to enhance transparency in international climate politics. On the basis of standardised criteria, the index evaluates and compares the climate protection performance of 63 countries and the European Union (EU), which are together responsible for more than 90% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
The Survey of Current Business (SCB) is a monthly publication by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) that provides definitive information about the national economic accounts for the economy of the United States maintained by the BEA.
Dieter Reiter is a German politician and the mayor of Munich, the capital of the state of Bavaria. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party.
Jakob von Weizsäcker is a German economist and politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) who has been serving as State Minister of Finance in the government of Minister-President of the Saarland Anke Rehlinger since the 2022 state elections.
Ann-Kristin Achleitner is a German economist, currently a professor at Technical University of Munich.
The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies (wiiw) is a non-partisan, non-profit economic research institute specialised in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe, based in Vienna, Austria. It was founded in 1972 and is currently headed by Mario Holzner.
Monika Schnitzer is a German economist and chair of comparative economic research at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. She was the president of the Verein für Socialpolitik from 2015 to 2016 and is the chairwoman of the German Council of Economic Experts since 2022.
The CoRisk Index is the first economic indicator of industry risk assessments related to COVID-19. In contrast to conventional economic climate indexes, e.g. the Ifo Business Climate Index or Purchasing Managers' Index, the CoRisk Index relies on automatically retrieved company filings. The index has been developed by a team of researchers at the Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, and the Hertie School of Governance in March 2020. It gained international media attention as an up-to-date empirical source for policy makers and researchers investigating the economic repercussions of the Coronavirus Recession.
