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The Carmelites, actually the Order of the Brothers of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel or sometimes simply as Carmel by synecdoche, is a Roman Catholic mendicant religious order for men and women. Historical records about its origin remain very uncertain, but it was probably founded in the 12th century on Mount Carmel in the Crusader States. Berthold of Calabria has traditionally been associated with the founding of the order, but few clear records of early Carmelite history have survived. The order of Carmelite nuns was formalised in 1452.
Teresa of Ávila, also called Saint Teresa of Jesus, was a Spanish noblewoman who was called to convent life in the Catholic Church. A Carmelite nun, prominent Spanish mystic, religious reformer, author, theologian of the contemplative life and of mental prayer, she earned the rare distinction of being declared a Doctor of the Church, but not until over four centuries after her death. Active during the Catholic Reformation, she reformed the Carmelite Orders of both women and men. The movement she initiated was later joined by the younger Spanish Carmelite friar and mystic John of the Cross. It led eventually to the establishment of the Discalced Carmelites. A formal papal decree adopting the split from the old order was issued in 1580.
Clemente Domínguez y Gómez was a self-proclaimed successor of Pope Paul VI and was recognised as Pope Gregory XVII by supporters of the Palmarian Catholic Church schismatic breakaway movement in 1978. His claim was not taken seriously by other mainstream Catholics, the vast majority of whom were unaware of his existence.
The Christian Palmarian Church of the Carmelites of the Holy Face, commonly known as the Palmarian Catholic Church, is a small schismatic independent Traditionalist Catholic church with an episcopal see in El Palmar de Troya, Spain founded in 1978 by Clemente Domínguez y Gómez, known as Pope Gregory XVII. The church does not recognize any popes after Paul VI as Catholic, and has its own claimants to the papacy.
The Lay Carmelites, formally known as the Third Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, is a third order of the Carmelite Order of the Ancient Observance, established in 1476 by a bull of Pope Sixtus IV. It is an association of lay people who choose to live the Gospel in the spirit of the Carmelite Order and under its guidance.
Our Lady of Mount Carmel, or Virgin of Carmel, is the title given to the Blessed Virgin Mary in her role as patroness of the Carmelite Order, particularly within the Catholic Church. The first Carmelites were Christian hermits living on Mount Carmel in the Holy Land during the late 12th and early to mid-13th century. They built in the midst of their hermitages a chapel which they dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, whom they conceived of in chivalric terms as the "Lady of the place." Our Lady of Mount Carmel was adopted in the 19th century as the patron saint of Chile.
The Catholic Church in Uruguay is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome.
The Discalced Carmelites, known officially as the Order of the Discalced Carmelites of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel or the Order of Discalced Carmelites, is a Catholic mendicant order with roots in the eremitic tradition of the Desert Fathers and Mothers. The order was established in the 16th century, pursuant to the reform of the Carmelite Order by two Spanish saints, Saint Teresa of Ávila (foundress) and Saint John of the Cross (co-founder). Discalced is derived from Latin, meaning "without shoes".
Villanueva de la Jara, popularly called La Jara, is a town and municipality in the Manchuela Conquense comarca, this in turn is part of the La Manchuela comarca, province of Cuenca, in Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It is known for the cultivation of portobellos and other edible fungi which is the main economic activity of the locality.
The Secular Order of Discalced Carmelites, formerly the Secular Order of Discalced Carmelites of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel and of the Holy Mother Saint Teresa of Jesus, is a third order of Catholic lay persons and secular clergy associated with the Discalced Carmelites.
Francisco Palau y Quer, was a Catalan Discalced Carmelite friar and priest. Growing up in the chaos of the Peninsular War in Spain, he followed both the life of a hermit and of a missionary preacher in the rural regions of Catalonia. He founded the School of Virtue – which was a model of catechetical teaching for adults – in Barcelona. In 1860 he founded a mixed Congregation of Third Order of Discalced Carmelites, including both Brothers and Sisters, in the Balearic Islands. The legacy of this foundation is carried on by two religious congregations of women who serve throughout the world.
The church of San Isidro el Real, also known as the colegiata or collegiate church of San Isidore, is a Baroque building in the centre of Madrid, Spain. It is named after and holds the remains of the patron saint of Madrid, Isidore the Laborer, and his wife Santa María de la Cabeza. It has held the status of a Basilica church for centuries.
Santa Maria di Nazareth is a Roman Catholic Carmelite church in Venice, northern Italy. It is also called Church of the Scalzi being the seat in the city of the Discalced Carmelites religious order. Located in the sestiere of Cannaregio, near Venezia Santa Lucia railway station, it was built in the mid 17th century to the designs of Baldassarre Longhena and completed in the last decades of that century.
San Martino church, also called San Martino Maggiore is a Gothic-style, Roman Catholic church located at the corner of Via Marsala and Via Guglielmo Oberdan in Bologna, region of Emilia Romagna, Italy. The church was founded by the adjacent Carmelite monastery. In 25 August 1941, Pope Pius XII elevated it to the status of basilica and imposed on the Archbishop of Bologna, Mario Corneliano to Pontifically crown the venerated Marian image of Our Lady of Carmel since 10 August 1704 via the authority of the Vatican Chapter under Pope Clement XI.
The Church of the Virgin of Mount Carmel and St. Thérèse of Lisieux, also known as Iglesia de los Carmelitas, is a Roman Catholic parish church in the neighbourhood of Prado, Montevideo, Uruguay.
The Cathedral of Barbastro is a Roman Catholic cathedral in the town of Barbastro in the province of Huesca, Aragon, Spain.
Santa María is Gothic and Baroque-style, Roman Catholic church located in Requena, Valencia, Spain.
Santiago Apóstol is a Roman Catholic parish church located in Liétor, Community of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.
Our Lady of Palmar, known formally as Our Crowned Mother of Palmar, is a Palmarian Catholic title of the Blessed Virgin Mary associated with an alleged Marian apparition in the Spanish village of El Palmar de Troya in 1968. The apparition is not recognized by the Roman Catholic Church but is recognized by the Christian Palmarian Church of the Carmelites of the Holy Face, a schismatic Independent Catholic denomination. The Cathedral-Basilica of Our Crowned Mother of Palmar, the mother church of the Palmarian Catholic Church, serves as the major shrine of Our Lady of Palmar and was built on the site of the alleged apparition.
Notre-Dame-des-Champs is a Roman Catholic church located in the 6th arrondissement of Paris. The church is named after the Blessed Virgin Mary under the title of Our Lady of the Fields.
References
- ↑ Auntamiento de Requena, entry on church.
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