Ilford XP

Last updated
XP2 Super
Ilford XP2 super 400.jpg
Maker Ilford Photo
Speed 400/27°
Type B&W print
Process Chromogenic
Format 35mm, 120, disposable camera
Exposure
latitude		 EI 50/18° – 800/30°
Application General
Introduced 1998

XP is a chromogenic black-and-white film from Ilford Photo. [1] It was launched to great acclaim at photokina in September 1980, and went on sale in January, 1981. It has since progressed through a number of versions, with XP2 Super being the latest. The main competitor of Ilford XP2 Super was Kodak BW400CN, which was discontinued in 2014. As of 2018, Ilford XP2 Super and Fuji Neopan 400CN are the only black & white films on the market that can be developed using the C-41 process.

Chromogenic refers to photographic processes that work by forming a conventional silver image and then replacing it with a dye image. Most films and papers used for color photography today are chromogenic.

Ilford Photo company

Ilford Photo is a UK manufacturer of photographic materials known worldwide for its black-and-white film and papers and chemicals, as previously as its range of Ilfochrome and Ilfocolor colour printing materials, before these were discontinued. Ilfochrome was formerly called Cibachrome, developed in partnership with the Swiss company CIBA-Geigy. Formerly, it published the Ilford Manual of Photography, a comprehensive manual of everything photographic, including the optics, physics and chemistry of photography, along with recipes for many developers.

Kodak American company

The Eastman Kodak Company is an American technology company that produces camera-related products with its historic basis on photography. The company is headquartered in Rochester, New York, and is incorporated in New Jersey. Kodak provides packaging, functional printing, graphic communications and professional services for businesses around the world. Its main business segments are Print Systems, Enterprise Inkjet Systems, Micro 3D Printing and Packaging, Software and Solutions, and Consumer and Film. It is best known for photographic film products.

As a chromogenic film, XP2 can scan well because it avoids the limitations of Digital ICE, plus it has a similar exposure latitude to color negative film, so it can be exposed with an exposure index from ISO 50/18° to 800/30° on a single roll and be developed in traditional C-41 processing.

C-41 is a chromogenic color print film developing process introduced by Kodak in 1972, superseding the C-22 process. C-41, also known as CN-16 by Fuji, CNK-4 by Konica, and AP-70 by AGFA, is the most popular film process in use, with most photofinishing labs devoting at least one machine to this development process.

In 2013, Ilford introduced a version of their black-and-white single-use camera which includes 27 exposures of XP2 Super film.

Disposable camera simple box camera

A disposable or single-use camera is a simple box camera meant to be used once. Most use fixed-focus lenses. Some are equipped with an integrated flash unit, and there are even waterproof versions for underwater photography. Internally, the cameras use a 135 film or an APS cartridge.

Related Research Articles

XP may refer to:

Photographic processing or development is the chemical means by which photographic film or paper is treated after photographic exposure to produce a negative or positive image. Photographic processing transforms the latent image into a visible image, makes this permanent and renders it insensitive to light.

Photographic paper paper coated with a light-sensitive chemical formula, used for making photographic prints

Photographic paper is a paper coated with a light-sensitive chemical formula, used for making photographic prints. When photographic paper is exposed to light, it captures a latent image that is then developed to form a visible image; with most papers the image density from exposure can be sufficient to not require further development, aside from fixing and clearing, though latent exposure is also usually present. The light-sensitive layer of the paper is called the emulsion. The most common chemistry was based on silver salts but other alternatives have also been used.

Reversal film type of photographic film that produces a positive image on a transparent base

In photography, reversal film is a type of photographic film that produces a positive image on a transparent base. The film is processed to produce transparencies or diapositives instead of negatives and prints. Reversal film is produced in various sizes, from 35 mm roll film to 8×10 inch sheet film.

The E-6 process is a chromogenic photographic process for developing Ektachrome, Fujichrome and other color reversal photographic film.

Photographic developer chemical that makes the latent image on the film or print visible

In the processing of photographic films, plates or papers, the photographic developer is one or more chemicals that convert the latent image to a visible image. Developing agents achieve this conversion by reducing the silver halides, which are pale-colored, into silver metal, which is black. The conversion occurs within the gelatine matrix. The special feature of photography is that the developer only acts on those particles of silver halides that have been exposed to light. Generally, the longer a developer is allowed to work, the darker the image.

Darkroom workshop used by photographers make prints and otherwise handle photographic film

A darkroom is a workshop used by photographers working with photographic film to make prints and carry out other associated tasks. It is a room that can be made completely dark to allow the processing of the light-sensitive photographic materials, including film and photographic paper. Various equipment is used in the darkroom, including an enlarger, baths containing chemicals, and running water.

Photographic printing is the process of producing a final image on paper for viewing, using chemically sensitized paper. The paper is exposed to a photographic negative, a positive transparency , or a digital image file projected using an enlarger or digital exposure unit such as a LightJet printer. Alternatively, the negative or transparency may be placed atop the paper and directly exposed, creating a contact print. Photographs are more commonly printed on plain paper, for example by a color printer, but this is not considered "photographic printing".

Ilfochrome is a dye destruction positive-to-positive photographic process used for the reproduction of film transparencies on photographic paper. The prints are made on a dimensionally stable polyester base as opposed to traditional paper base. Since it uses 13 layers of azo dyes sealed in a polyester base, the print will not fade, discolour, or deteriorate for an extended time. Accelerated aging tests conducted by Henry Wilhelm rated the process as producing prints which, framed under glass, would last for 29 years before color shifts could be detected. Characteristics of Ilfochrome prints are image clarity, color purity, and being an archival process able to produce critical accuracy to the original transparency.

A chromogenic print, also known as a silver halide print, or a dye coupler print, is a photographic print made from a color negative, transparency, or digital image, and developed using a chromogenic process. They are composed of three layers of gelatin, each containing an emulsion of silver halide, which is used as a light-sensitive material, and a different dye coupler of subtractive color which together, when developed, form a full-color image.

Analog photography photography that uses a progressively changing recording medium

Analog photography is photography that uses a progressively changing recording medium, which may be either chemical process based or electronic. Lomography defines analog photography as 'photography using an analog camera and film'. For more than a hundred years, this was the only kind. Analog photography has come to mean anything that is "not digital" despite some of controversy over the question of whether the use of film is a true analog process.

Ilford Delta

Ilford Delta is a series of photographic films manufactured by Harman Technology Limited. Delta films are tabular-grain black-and-white films.

Ilford HP

HP is a cubic-grain black-and-white film from Ilford Photo with a long history. It originated as Hypersensitive Panchromatic plates in 1931. Since then it has progressed through a number of versions, with HP5 plus being the latest. The main competitor of Ilford HP5 Plus is Kodak Tri-X 400.

Kodak Tri-X

Tri-X is a black and white photographic film formerly produced by Eastman Kodak Company, and now produced by Kodak Alaris. The combination of hand held cameras and high speed Tri-X film was transformative for photojournalism and for cinema.

Photographic film sheet of plastic coated with light-sensitive chemicals

Photographic film is a strip or sheet of transparent plastic film base coated on one side with a gelatin emulsion containing microscopically small light-sensitive silver halide crystals. The sizes and other characteristics of the crystals determine the sensitivity, contrast and resolution of the film.

Neopan

Neopan is a family of black-and-white films from Japanese manufacturer Fujifilm. Only one emulsion remains in production in 2018; Neopan 400CN, a C-41 process chromogenic film which is only sold in the UK in 135 and 120 formats. Neopan 100 Acros, the last traditional black and white film produced by Fujifilm, was discontinued in April 2018 with stock expected to last to October 2018. In December 2018 only 135 format stock remains on sale.

References

  1. ↑ "Ilford History and Chronology" . Retrieved 2014-05-23.
XP2 Plus
Maker Ilford Photo
Speed 400/27°
Type B&W print
Process Chromogenic
Format 35mm, 120, sheets
Application General
Introduced 1996
Discontinued 1998
Replaced by XP2 Super
XP2
Maker Ilford Photo
Speed 400/27°
Type B&W print
Process Chromogenic
Format 35mm, 120, sheets
Application General
Introduced 1991
Discontinued 1996
Replaced by XP2 Plus
XP1
Maker Ilford Photo
Speed 400/27°
Type B&W print
Process Chromogenic
Format 35mm, 120, sheets
Application General
Introduced 1981
Discontinued 1993
Replaced by XP2


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