The Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization, was a secret revolutionary society founded in the Ottoman territories in Europe, that operated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
The Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising, or simply the Ilinden Uprising, of August–October 1903, was an organized revolt against the Ottoman Empire, which was prepared and carried out by the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization, with the support of the Supreme Macedonian-Adrianople Committee, which included mostly Bulgarian military personnel. The name of the uprising refers to Ilinden, a name for Elijah's day, and to Preobrazhenie which means Feast of the Transfiguration. Some historians describe the rebellion in the Serres revolutionary district as a separate uprising, calling it the Krastovden Uprising, because on September 14 the revolutionaries there also rebelled. The revolt lasted from the beginning of August to the end of October and covered a vast territory from the western Black Sea coast in the east to the shores of Lake Ohrid in the west.
Gyorche Petrov Nikolov born Georgi Petrov Nikolov, was a Bulgarian teacher and revolutionary, one of the leaders of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO). He was its representative in Sofia, the capital of Principality of Bulgaria. As such he was also a member of the Supreme Macedonian-Adrianople Committee (SMAC), participating in the work of its governing body. During the Balkan Wars, Petrov was a Bulgarian army volunteer, and during the First World War, he was involved in the activity of the Bulgarian occupation authorities in Serbia and Greece. Subsequently, he participated in Bulgarian politics, but was eventually killed by the rivaling IMRO right-wing faction. According to the Macedonian historiography, he was an ethnic Macedonian.
Todor Aleksandrov Poporushov, best known as Todor Alexandrov, also spelt as Alexandroff, was a Macedonian Bulgarian revolutionary, Bulgarian army officer, politician and teacher. He favored initially the annexation of Macedonia to Bulgaria, but later switched to the idea of an Independent Macedonia as a second Bulgarian state on the Balkans. Alexandrov was a member of the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organisation (IMARO) and later of the Central Committee of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organisation (IMRO).
Pitu Guli was an Aromanian revolutionary in Ottoman Macedonia, a local leader of what is commonly referred to as the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO).
The Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (United) (1925–1936) commonly known in English as IMRO (United), was the name of a revolutionary political organization active across the entire geographical region of Macedonia.
In late 19th and throughout the 20th century, the establishment of a Balkan Federation had been a recurrent suggestion of various political factions in the Balkans. The concept of a Balkan federation emerged in the late 19th century among left-wing political forces in the region. The central aim was to establish a new political unity: a common federal republic unifying the Balkan Peninsula on the basis of internationalism, socialism, social solidarity, and economic equality. The underlying vision was that, despite differences among the region's ethnic groups, the historical need for emancipation was a common basis for unification.
Todor Nikolov Panitsa was a Bulgarian revolutionary figure, active in the region of Macedonia. He was one of the leaders of the left wing of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization.
Boris Petrov Sarafov was a Bulgarian Army officer and revolutionary, one of the leaders of Supreme Macedonian-Adrianople Committee (SMAC) and Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO). He is considered an ethnic Macedonian in North Macedonia, having identified occasionally as a Macedonian in his life.
Dimo Hadzhidimov was a 20th-century Bulgarian teacher, revolutionary and politician from Ottoman Macedonia. He was among the leaders of the left wing of Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO), which he considered a Bulgarian creation.
Petar Chaulev was a Bulgarian revolutionary in Ottoman Macedonia. He was a local leader of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO).
Alexandar Protogerov was a Bulgarian Army general, politician and a revolutionary. He was among the leaders of the Supreme Macedonian-Adrianople Committee and the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization Protogerov was a Bulgarian Freemason and held a leading position in the lodge where he was a member.
The history of Macedonians has been shaped by population shifts and political developments in the southern Balkans, especially within the region of Macedonia. The ideas of separate Macedonian identity grew in significance after the First World War, both in Vardar and among the left-leaning diaspora in Bulgaria, and were endorsed by the Comintern. During the Second World War, these ideas were supported by the Communist Partisans, but the decisive point in the ethnogenesis of these South Slavic people was the creation of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia after World War II, as a new state in the framework of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
The "May Manifesto" of May 6, 1924 was a paper in which the objectives of the unified Macedonian liberation movement were presented: independence and unification of partitioned region of Macedonia, fighting all the neighbouring Balkan monarchies, supporting the Balkan Communist Federation and cooperation with the Soviet Union.
The Macedonian Federative Organization was established in Sofia in 1921 by former Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) left-wing's activists.
Independent Macedonia was a conceptual project of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) to create an independent Macedonia, during the interwar period.
The Association against Bulgarian Bandits was a paramilitary organization based in Štip, then in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, that was active during the interwar period.
The Temporary representation of the former United Internal Revolutionary Organization was a short-lasted organization founded by former members of the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization, created in 1919 on the wake of the Paris Peace Conference after the World War I in Sofia. The left wing of IMARO, disturbed by the organization's increasing domination by the pro-Greater Bulgaria Vrhovists, founded this Organization, aimed to avoid the partitition of the region of Macedonia. It included Gyorche Petrov, Dimo Hadzhidimov, Petar Atsev, Hristo Tatartchev, Petar Pop Arsov, Mihail Gerdzhikov etc. The Organization issued a memorandum and send it to the representatives of the Great Powers on the Peace conference in Paris. There the Temporary representation advocated for autonomy of Macedonia as a part of a future Balkan Federation. It threatened the autonomous Macedonia as state populated by different people as Bulgarians, Greeks, Serbs, Turks, Vlahs, etc. In the parliamentary and local elections of 1919, the Temporary representation supported the candidates of the Bulgarian Communist Party. The BCP sought to take the Organization over, in fact to transform it into its own section. Following the signing of the Treaty of Neuilly and the partition of Macedonia, the activity of the Temporary representation faded. In 1920 it was dissolved and most from its members joined the Bulgarian Emigrant Communist Union. Other members joined a number of different leftist organizations. They all were opposed to the restoration of IMARO as a Bulgarian nationalist organization under the name IMRO, headed by Todor Alexandrov. Subsequently, most of them were killed in the strife among the Macedonian revolutionaries. At least until the middle of the 1920s, the former IMRO-left was not a united movement, unlike the right wing. In 1925 the most of its survivors joined the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (United).
The "March of the Macedonian Revolutionaries", also known as "Rise, Dawn of Freedom", is a Bulgarian march which was used by the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) and was shortly the anthem of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia before the adoption of the Today over Macedonia anthem. Today, the march is still used by the Macedonian Patriotic Organization (MPO), as well as by VMRO-BND and the Radko Association.
Petar Traykov Girovski was a Bulgarian Army officer, later activist of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization. Afterwards he became close to some communist circles and after the Second World War participated in Yugoslav and Bulgarian politics.
