Formation | 2004 |
---|---|
Founder | Carne Ross |
Type | Non-profit, non-governmental organisation |
Headquarters | New York, United States |
Leader | Reza Afshar OBE |
Website | Official website |
Independent Diplomat is a non-profit non-governmental organisation founded in 2004 by British former diplomat Carne Ross and currently led by Reza Afshar OBE. It is a non-profit diplomatic advisory group that strives to create more inclusive, just, effective and lasting peace processes and international agreements by partnering with marginalized groups and democratic governments to support the increase of their diplomatic advice skills and capacity.
Independent Diplomat's philosophy is informed by Carne Ross' experience at the United Nations Security Council, most notably the "very obvious imbalance [...] between the diplomatic resources and skills of the powerful countries, and everyone else. In his book Independent Diplomat, Dispatches from an Unaccountable Elite (2007), Ross argued that the "numerous smaller UN missions struggle to cover the enormous and proliferating agendas of the UN General Assembly, Security Council and specialised committees with just one or two horribly overworked and under-equipped diplomats." [1]
Independent Diplomat is based in New York. [2] Its staff includes former diplomats from various counties. [3] In 2022, its annual budget was $3 million; revenue came from foundation grants, government grants, earned income and individual donations. [4]
The group is a nonprofit providing diplomatic advisory services, [2] sometimes called "freelance diplomacy." [3] [5] Carne Ross, the group founder, has argued for broader participation of small countries in United Nations institutions. [2]
The organization works [6] on several diplomatic initiatives, including supporting the Republic of the Marshall Islands in international climate negotiations where they lead the High Ambition Coalition, achieving outcomes such as the 1.5°C temperature goal in the Paris Agreement and commitments to double adaptation finance from developed to developing nations. Independent Diplomat advises various groups seeking conflict resolution and peace processes:
In Mali, ID has worked with the Coordination of Azawad Movements (CMA) to facilitate initial disarmament phases and promote women's inclusion in the peace process. Following the dissolution of MINUSMA in 2023, ID continues to support CMA's international engagement. In Yemen, ID provides diplomatic advice to the Southern Transitional Council (STC) and several Yemeni women's groups, working to ensure Southern Yemeni representation in peace negotiations. The organization supports Rohingya representatives in pursuing justice and accountability following the Rohingya genocide, as well as establishing conditions for repatriation to Myanmar. In Western Sahara, ID works with the Polisario Front on their objective of securing self-determination for the indigenous Sahrawi people.
The organization also works on systemic diplomatic initiatives, including:
Ross, the group's founder, says that the organization declines to provide services to clients who "are engaged in armed conflicts, are insufficiently committed to human rights, democracy and international law, or unwilling to commit to negotiated settlements to their problems." [5] Ross told the Associated Press: "We advise would-be countries, but also regular states where we can add our own expertise to theirs, as long as they are democratic countries that respect international law." [3]
Kofi Atta Annan was a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh secretary-general of the United Nations from 1997 to 2006. Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize. He was the founder and chairman of the Kofi Annan Foundation, as well as chairman of The Elders, an international organisation founded by Nelson Mandela.
António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres is a Portuguese politician and diplomat who is serving as the ninth and current secretary-general of the United Nations since 2017. A member of the Portuguese Socialist Party, Guterres served as prime minister of Portugal from 1995 to 2002.
The Rohingya people are a stateless ethnic group who predominantly follow Islam and reside in Rakhine State, Myanmar. Before the Rohingya genocide in 2017, when over 740,000 fled to Bangladesh, an estimated 1.4 million Rohingya lived in Myanmar. Described by journalists and news outlets as one of the most persecuted minorities in the world, the Rohingya are denied citizenship under the 1982 Myanmar nationality law. There are also restrictions on their freedom of movement, access to state education and civil service jobs. The legal conditions faced by the Rohingya in Myanmar have been compared to apartheid by some academics, analysts and political figures, including Nobel laureate Bishop Desmond Tutu, a South African anti-apartheid activist. The most recent mass displacement of Rohingya in 2017 led the International Criminal Court to investigate crimes against humanity, and the International Court of Justice to investigate genocide.
Paul R. Williams is a professor at American University, where he teaches in the School of International Service and the Washington College of Law, holding the Rebecca Grazier Professorship in Law and International Relations. He is the president and co-founder of the Public International Law & Policy Group (PILPG), a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) which provides pro bono assistance to countries and governments involved in peace negotiations, drafting post-conflict constitutions, and prosecuting war criminals, and was consultant at the London based Bosnian Institute for years.
Søren Jessen-Petersen is a Danish lawyer and civil servant. He was named Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General for Kosovo and head of UNMIK on 16 July 2004. He held the position until the end of June 2006.
The International Peace Institute is an independent non-profit think tank founded in 1970 based in New York. The institute has a regional office in the Middle East and had a regional office in Europe until 2020.
Carne Ross is a former senior British diplomat who resigned over the Iraq War after giving secret testimony to the first official inquiry into the war. He is also the founder and former executive director of Independent Diplomat, a diplomatic advisory group. He is a writer, with books about the failures of diplomacy and the necessity of mass, popular political change, and anarchism.
The Elders is an international non-governmental organisation of public figures noted as senior statesmen, peace activists and human rights advocates, who were brought together by Nelson Mandela in 2007. They describe themselves as "independent global leaders working together for peace, justice, human rights and a sustainable planet". The goal Mandela set for The Elders was to use their "almost 1,000 years of collective experience" to work on solutions for seemingly insurmountable problems such as climate change, HIV/AIDS, and poverty, as well as to "use their political independence to help resolve some of the world's most intractable conflicts".
Myanmar has been embroiled in armed conflict since 1948, when the country, then known as Burma, gained independence from the United Kingdom. The conflict has largely been ethnic-based, with ethnic armed organisations fighting Myanmar's armed forces, the Tatmadaw, for self-determination. Despite numerous ceasefires and the creation of autonomous self-administered zones in 2008, armed groups continue to call for independence, increased autonomy, or the federalisation of Myanmar. It is the world's longest ongoing civil war, spanning almost eight decades.
Issues relating to the State of Palestine and aspects of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict occupy continuous debates, resolutions, and resources at the United Nations. Since its founding in 1948, the United Nations Security Council, as of January 2010, has adopted 79 resolutions directly related to the Arab–Israeli conflict.
Nicolas Bwakira was a Burundian diplomat, international civil servant and pan-africanist. During his long and exemplary career, Bwakira took on senior roles and responsibilities at various institutions, including the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), the University of South Africa (UNISA), the African Union, the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) and the Crisis Management Initiative (CMI). Bwakira fought the good fight as a pan-Africanist and international civil servant in the service of Africa and its people, especially for those in Namibia, Angola, Somalia and, more recently, the Lake Chad Basin. The quest for peace was his lifelong passion. From the time of his posting in Angola in 1976, he developed a special connection with southern African countries, among which Namibia. From 1976 to 1990, Namibian refugees and Namibia’s independence featured prominently in his professional career. In his role as Coordinator for the return of Namibian exiles, he was instrumental in negotiating a total blanket amnesty with the apartheid government as a condition for the return of Namibian exiles. Later, as Director for Africa, he negotiated a total blanket amnesty with the apartheid government, as a pre-condition of the return of South African exiles members of liberation movements.
Diplomacy comprises spoken or written communication by representatives of state, intergovernmental, or non-governmental institutions intended to influence events in the international system.
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Thania Paffenholz is an academic and policy advisor working on peace processes. She is currently Director of Inclusive Peace. Thania Paffenholz has led comparative research of peace processes has contributed to peace processes in Mozambique, Angola, Somalia, Kenya, Uganda, South Sudan, Mali, Afghanistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Yemen, Egypt, El Salvador, Syria and Colombia. She received the Wihuri International Prize in 2015 for her work as a peace researcher.
The Rohingya genocide is a series of ongoing persecutions and killings of the Muslim Rohingya people by the military of Myanmar. The genocide has consisted of two phases to date: the first was a military crackdown that occurred from October 2016 to January 2017, and the second has been occurring since August 2017. The crisis forced over a million Rohingya to flee to other countries. Most fled to Bangladesh, resulting in the creation of the world's largest refugee camp, while others escaped to India, Thailand, Malaysia, and other parts of South and Southeast Asia, where they continue to face persecution. Several countries consider these events ethnic cleansing.
The Rohingya genocide is a term applied to the persecution—including mass killings, mass rapes, village-burnings, deprivations, ethnic cleansing, and internments—of the Rohingya people of western Myanmar.
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