Indies Military Navy

Indies Military Navy
Indische Militaire Marine
Active	1868 – 1930
Country	Kingdom of the Netherlands
Type	Naval force
Role	Enforce Dutch authority in the Dutch East Indies

The Indies Military Navy ^[a] (Dutch : Indische Militaire Marine. ^[b] ; IMM) was a Dutch naval force that was permanently based in the Dutch East Indies. ^{[3] [1]} It was established on 16 November 1866 and operated exclusively in the waters of the colony. ^{[4] [5]} The navy consisted of fast small-sized warships with credible firepower that were used to enforce Dutch authority in the archipelago and to promote the general interests of the Dutch East Indies. ^{[6] [7] [2]} In 1930 the IMM was disbanded. ^[8]

History

The Indies Military Navy (Indische Militaire Marine; IMM) was established by royal decree on 16 November 1866 by splitting the existing Dutch Squadron (Nederlands Eskader) of the Royal Netherlands Navy (RNLN). ^[9] This led to most warships being transferred from the Dutch Squadron to the IMM, while the ships that remained became part of the newly formed Auxiliary Squadron (Auxiliair Eskader). ^[10] Administratively the IMM was placed under the Department of the Navy in Batavia. ^[11] Its ships were also paid for by the Dutch East Indies government and permanently stationed in the colony. ^{[12] [13]} The IMM became operational on 1 January 1868. ^{[5] [14]}

Aceh War

At the start of the Aceh War in 1873 most of the ships of the IMM were in poor condition. ^[15]

Personnel

The personnel of the IMM consisted of both Europeans and native Indonesians, with the Europeans outnumbering the Indonesians. ^{[16] [17]} While the European personnel came from the Royal Netherlands Navy, the native Indonesians were recruited and trained in the Dutch East Indies. ^[18]

Notes

1. Also known as East Indies Marine. ^[1]
2. Sometimes also called in Indische oorlogsmarine ^[2]

Citations

1. Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. p. 364. ISBN   0-85177-245-5.
2. Backer Dirks, Vol. I, p. 87.
3. van Dijk, Kees (2007). The Netherlands Indies and the Great War, 1914-1918. Leiden: KITLV Press. pp. 7–9. ISBN   978-90-6718-308-6.
4. Wijn (1998), pp. 25-26.
5. Teitler, van Dissel and à Campo (2005), p. 227.
6. Cohen Stuart, W.J. (1937). De Nederlandsche Zeemacht van 1889 tot 1915 (in Dutch). Vol. I: De Nederlandsche Zeemacht 1889-1903. The Hague: Algemeene Landsdrukkerij. p. 31.
7. Mollema, J.C. (1939). Geschiedenis van Nederland ter zee (in Dutch). Vol. I. Amsterdam: Uitgeversmaatschappij Joost van den Vondel. p. 339.
8. Manders et al (2022), p. 17.
9. Manders et al (2022), pp. 16-17.
10. Teitler, van Dissel and à Campo (2005), p. 227.
11. Backer Dirks, Vol. I, p. 86.
12. Snijders (1915), pp. 600-601.
13. Wijn (1998), p. 25.
14. Snijders (1915), p. 600.
15. J.A. Baart de la Faille (March 1882). "Over den "treurigen" toestand der Zeemacht in Ned. Indië bij den aanvang van den Atjeh-oorlog in Maart 1873" (PDF). Militaire Spectator (in Dutch).
16. Snijders (1915), p. 601.
17. Habbema, J.; Bosboom, H.D.H.; Visscher, B.J. (1920). Een boekje over onze Oost: Voor hen die er niet geweest zijn (in Dutch). The Hague: Boekdrukkerij v/h Firma T.C.B. ten Hagen. p. 39.
18. Koninklijke Nederlandsche Vereeniging "Onze Vloot" (1926). Het marinevraagstuk (in Dutch). The Hague. p. 19.

Bibliography

• Backer Dirks, F.C. (1985). De Gouvernements marine in het voormalige Nederlands-Indië in haar verschillende tijdsperioden geschetst: 1861-1949 (in Dutch). Vol. I. Weesp: De Boer Maritiem. ISBN   90-228-1882-9.
• Snijders, C.J.; Kooiman, J. (1915). De Nederlandsche strijdmacht en hare mobilisatie in het jaar 1914 (in Dutch). Arnhem: Herman de Ruiter.
• Manders, M., A. van Dissel, W. Brouwers, M. Fink, J. Spoelstra, R. de Hoop, M. Heijink, A. Lemmers, A. Heitz, O. de Vroomen (2022). Wrakkentelling: Een kwantitatief onderzoek naar historische Nederlandse scheepswrakken in de wereld (PDF) (in Dutch). Amersfoort: Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed. ISBN   978-90-5799-348-0.
• Teitler, G.; van Dissel, A.M.C.; à Campo, J.N.F.M. (2005). Zeeroof en zeeroofbestrijding in de Indische archipel (in Dutch). Amsterdam: De Bataafsche Leeuw. ISBN   90-6707-596-5.
• Wijn, J.J.A. (1998). 'Tot in de verste uithoeken...': de cruciale rol van de Gouvernements Marine bij het vestigen van de Pax Neerlandica in de Indische Archipel 1815-1962 (in Dutch). Amsterdam: De Bataafsche Leeuw. ISBN   90-6707-434-9.