Industrial dye degradation

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Common industrial dyes of varying colors and types. Common Industrial Dyes.png
Common industrial dyes of varying colors and types.

Industrial dye degradation is any of a number of processed by which dyes are broken down, ideally into innocuous products. [1] Many dyes, specifically in the textile industry such as methylene blue or methyl red, are released into ecosystems through water waste. [2] Many of these dyes can be carcinogenic. In paper recycling dyes can be removed from fibres during a deinking stage prior to degradation.

Methods

The removal of synthetic dyes from wastewater has become a major environmental priority due to their toxicity, persistence, and resistance to degradation. Here a clear overview of dye removal methods [3] .

Standard photocatalysis set-up Photocatalysis dye degredation.png
Standard photocatalysis set-up

1. Adsorption

Adsorption is one of the most common and effective methods for dye removal due to its simplicity, low cost, and wide availability of adsorbents. In this process, dye molecules adhere to the surface of solid materials like activated carbon, clay, zeolites, or agricultural waste. The method does not require harsh chemicals or high energy and can achieve high dye removal efficiency. However, its performance depends on the type of dye and the surface properties of the adsorbent. Spent adsorbents may also require proper disposal or regeneration.

2. Membrane Filtration

3. Coagulation and Flocculation

4. Biological Treatment

5. Chemical Oxidation

References

  1. ↑ Rauf, M.A.; Ashraf, S. Salman (2009). "Fundamental principles and application of heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of dyes in solution". Chemical Engineering Journal. 151 (1–3): 10–18. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2009.02.026.
  2. ↑ Huang, C.; Y. Huang; H. Cheng; Y. Huang. Kinetic Study of an Immobilized Iron Oxide for Catalytic Degradation of Azo Dye Reactive Black B with Catalytic Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide. Catalysis Communications 2009, 10 (5), 561-566.
  3. ↑ Sharma, Sangeeta; Kaur, Amandeep (2018-03-01). "Various methods for removal of dyes from industrial effluents - a review". Indian Journal of Science and Technology. 11 (12): 1–21. doi:10.17485/ijst/2018/v11i12/120847. ISSN   0974-5645.
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