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Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, also known as Burma, is a country in Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia, and has a population of about 54 million as of 2017. It is bordered by Bangladesh and India to its northwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest. The country's capital city is Naypyidaw, and its largest city is Yangon (Rangoon).
Myanmar operates de jure as a unitary assembly-independent republic under its 2008 constitution. On 1 February 2021, Myanmar's military took over the government in a coup, causing ongoing anti-coup protests.
Tatmadaw is the official name of the armed forces of Myanmar. It is administered by the Ministry of Defence and composed of the Myanmar Army, the Myanmar Navy and the Myanmar Air Force. Auxiliary services include the Myanmar Police Force, the Border Guard Forces, the Myanmar Coast Guard, and the People's Militia Units. Since independence, the Tatmadaw has faced significant ethnic insurgencies, especially in Kachin, Kayin, Kayah, and Shan states. General Ne Win took control of the country in a 1962 coup d'état, attempting to build an autarkic society called the Burmese Way to Socialism. Following the violent repression of nationwide protests in 1988, the military agreed to free elections in 1990, but ignored the resulting victory of the National League for Democracy and imprisoned its leader Aung San Suu Kyi. The 1990s also saw the escalation of the conflict between Buddhists and Rohingya Muslims in Rakhine State due to RSO attacks on Tatmadaw forces.
Historically strained, Myanmar's foreign relations, particularly with Western nations, have improved since 2012. Relations became strained once more in 2017 with the Rohingya crisis. Myanmar has generally maintained warmer relations with near states and is a member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.
Kyaukpyu is a major town in Rakhine State, in western Myanmar. It is located on the north western corner of Yanbye Island on Combermere Bay, and is 250 miles (400 km) north-west of Yangon. It is the principal town of Kyaukpyu Township and Kyaukpyu District. The town is situated on a superb natural harbor which connects the rice trade between Calcutta and Yangon. The estimated population in 1983 was 19,456 inhabitants. The population of Kyaukpyu Urban area is 20,866 as of 2014, while Kyaukpyu Township's population is 165,352.
The Saffron Revolution was a series of economic and political protests and demonstrations that took place during August, September, and October 2007 in Myanmar. The protests were triggered by the decision of the national military government to remove subsidies on the sales prices of fuel. The national government is the only supplier of fuels and the removal of the price subsidy immediately caused diesel and petrol prices to increase by 66–100% and the price of compressed natural gas for buses to increase 500% in less than a week.
The Yadana gas field is an offshore gas field in the Andaman Sea. It is located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) offshore to the nearest landfall in Myanmar. The gas field is an important source of revenue for the Myanmar Army. Gas from Yadana is used to generate about 8 percent of the electricity in neighbouring Thailand and around half of all electricity in Myanmar’s largest city, Yangon.
Myanmar (Burma) and the United States had a diplomatic contact prior to the British colonial period. They established formal diplomatic relations in 1947 in anticipation of Burma's independence.
China–Myanmar relations are the international relations between the People's Republic of China and Myanmar. China and Myanmar have active bilateral relations with each other. In recent years, the relations between China and Myanmar have faced some problems due to ongoing clashes between ethnic Chinese rebels and the Myanmar military near the China–Myanmar border.
Yangon City Development Committee is the administrative body of Yangon, the largest city and former capital of Myanmar (Burma). It consists of 20 departments, with headquarters in the Yangon City Hall. The committee's chairman also acts as the city's mayor.
Myanma Economic Holdings Public Company Limited is one of two major conglomerates run by the Burmese military, the other being the Myanmar Economic Corporation (MEC). MEHL business interests include banking, construction, mining, agriculture, tobacco and food.
Zaykabar Company Limited is a major Burmese conglomerate with interests in construction and telecommunications. The company was founded by Khin Shwe in 1990.
Min Aung Hlaing is a Burmese politician and army general who has ruled Myanmar as the chairman of the State Administration Council since seizing power in the February 2021 coup d'état. He took the nominally civilian role of prime minister of Myanmar in August 2021 upon the formation of the Provisional Government. He has also been the commander-in-chief of Defence Services since March 2011. He previously served as Joint Chief of Staff of the Ministry of Defence from 2010 to 2011 and was a member of the National Defence and Security Council (NDSC) chaired by the president of Myanmar.
Project K is a seven-member boy band in Myanmar that formed in 2016. The septet — composed of Bhone Nay Lin, Bhone Nay Min, Chan Myae Oo, Hein Yar, Min Khant Hein, William Tun, and Ye Yint Thaw — is known for their dancing and singing abilities, and fashion. Until the debut of ALFA in 2019, Project K was Myanmar's only K-pop style boy band. The K in "Project K" stands for "king," "Korea," and "K-pop." The group is known for incorporating traditional Burmese dance styles to their dance performances, and has amassed as significant social media following as a result.
Justice For Myanmar is a covert group of activists campaigning for justice and accountability for the people of Myanmar. Justice for Myanmar's public website launched on 28 April 2020. Since its launch, the group has published a number of high-profile exposés related to the business dealings of high-ranking military and government officials in the country, in a campaign to publicly pressure the dismantling of the Burmese military's business practices and systemic corruption.
Y Complex is a US$300 million real estate development in Yangon, Myanmar. It is being built on a plot measuring 3.95 acres (1.60 ha) owned by the Burmese military. The complex is located near Shwedagon Pagoda, at the intersection of Shwedagon Pagoda Road and U Wisara Roads. Y Complex will encompass 92,000 square metres (990,000 sq ft) of space, and house an office building, retail space, and a luxury Okura hotel. The complex is being built on the former grounds of Jubilee Hall, Rangoon, a colonial-era landmark, and the Defence Services Museum.
A coup d'état in Myanmar began on the morning of 1 February 2021, when democratically elected members of the country's ruling party, the National League for Democracy (NLD), were deposed by the Tatmadaw—Myanmar's military—which then vested power in a military junta. Acting president Myint Swe proclaimed a year-long state of emergency and declared power had been transferred to Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services Min Aung Hlaing. It declared the results of the November 2020 general election invalid and stated its intent to hold a new election at the end of the state of emergency. The coup d'état occurred the day before the Parliament of Myanmar was due to swear in the members elected at the 2020 election, thereby preventing this from occurring. President Win Myint and State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi were detained, along with ministers, their deputies, and members of Parliament.
Protests in Myanmar, known locally as the Spring Revolution, began in early 2021 in opposition to the coup d'état on 1 February, staged by Min Aung Hlaing, the commander-in-chief of the country's armed forces, the Tatmadaw. As of 23 June 2022, at least 2000 protesters have been killed, 14,000 currently arrested and 700,000 displaced by the junta.
Myanmar–South Korea relations are the bilateral relations between the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and the Republic of Korea. The two countries established their diplomatic relations on 16 May 1975.
Japan–Myanmar relations are bilateral relations between Japan and Myanmar. It is sometimes referred to as Japan–Burma relations, based on Myanmar's former name Burma until 1989. Japan and Burma enjoyed good relations after the two country's 1954 peace treaty and World War II reparations agreement. Myanmar and Japan held some of the strongest ties among Asian countries, often called a "special relationship" throughout the socialist period. Japan's influence waned towards the 2000s as an ambivalent power stuck between sanctionists like the United States and new engagers like China. Japan today has retained significant political and economic influence over the Myanmar military in the wake of the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état. Japan now cozies up to the Myanmar military government and its political party USDP, despite the excessive killing of protestors rising to 1500 confirmed death tolls and Japan having previously condemned the coup and the killing of peaceful protestors.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 "South Korean developer builds $120m project on military-owned land". The Myanmar Times. 2016-03-02. Retrieved 2021-01-20.
- ↑ "Yangon's mixed-use project due to be finished by 2020". The Myanmar Times. 2020-08-13. Retrieved 2021-01-20.
- 1 2 3 "New UN Study Highlights Business Links to Myanmar Military Abuses". The Diplomat. Retrieved 2021-01-20.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "'Enough is enough' - activists file complaints against South Korean companies funding Myanmar military operations". Myanmar NOW. Retrieved 2021-01-20.
- ↑ Mahtani, Shibani (2016-06-10). "Myanmar Military's Vast Conglomerate Goes Public". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660 . Retrieved 2021-01-20.