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Space colonization is permanent human habitation and exploitation of natural resources off the planet Earth.
This article gives a concise timeline of rocket and missile technology.
Interkosmos was a Soviet space program, designed to help the Soviet Union's allies with crewed and uncrewed space missions.
The planet Mars has been explored remotely by spacecraft. Probes sent from Earth, beginning in the late 20th century, have yielded a large increase in knowledge about the Martian system, focused primarily on understanding its geology and habitability potential. Engineering interplanetary journeys is complicated and the exploration of Mars has experienced a high failure rate, especially the early attempts. Roughly sixty percent of all spacecraft destined for Mars failed before completing their missions and some failed before their observations could begin. Some missions have met with unexpected success, such as the twin Mars Exploration Rovers, which operated for years beyond their specification.
Colonization of the Moon is the proposed establishment of a permanent human community or robotic industries on the Moon, the closest astronomical body to Earth.
The Moon has been the subject of many works of art and literature and the inspiration for numerous others. It is a motif in the visual arts, the performing arts, poetry, prose, and music.
Legend of Earthsea is a two-part television fantasy miniseries produced for the Sci-Fi Channel. It is an adaptation of the Earthsea novels by Ursula K. Le Guin. The teleplay was written by Gavin Scott, and the series was directed by Robert Lieberman. It was an American-Canadian co-production, filmed on-location in Vancouver, British Columbia.
The colonization of Venus has been a subject of many works of science fiction since before the dawn of spaceflight, and is still discussed from both a fictional and a scientific standpoint. However, with the discovery of Venus's extremely hostile surface environment, attention has largely shifted towards the colonization of the Moon and Mars instead, with proposals for Venus focused on colonies floating in the upper-middle atmosphere and on terraforming.
The Lost Cosmonauts or Phantom Cosmonauts are subjects of a conspiracy theory alleging that Soviet cosmonauts went to outer space before Yuri Gagarin, but their existence has never been publicly acknowledged by either the Soviet or Russian space authorities. Proponents of the Lost Cosmonauts theory argue that the Soviet Union attempted to launch two or more human spaceflights before Gagarin's, and that at least two cosmonauts died in those attempts. Another cosmonaut, Vladimir Ilyushin, is believed to have landed off course and been held by the Chinese government. The Government of the Soviet Union supposedly suppressed this information, to prevent bad publicity during the height of the Cold War.
Titan is the largest moon of Saturn. It has a substantial atmosphere and is the most Earth-like satellite in the Solar System, making it a popular science fiction setting. Science fiction set on Titan can be roughly divided into the pre- and post-Pioneer eras, with a division set by the flyby of Saturn by the Pioneer 11 space probe on September 1, 1979, which showed that Titan's surface was too cold to sustain (Earthlike) life. Somewhat later, the arrival of Cassini–Huygens mission in 2004 with the Huygens probe's landing in 2005 showed the presence of hydrocarbon lakes on Titan, leading to further changes in its depiction in science fiction.
Jupiter's extensive system of natural satellites – in particular the four large Galilean moons – has been a common science fiction setting.
Fly Me to the Moon is a 2008 Belgian-American computer-animated 3D science fiction comedy film about three flies who stowaway aboard Apollo 11 and travel to the Moon. It was directed by Ben Stassen and written by Domonic Paris. The film was released in digital 3D in Belgium on 30 January 2008, and in the US and Canada on 15 August 2008. The film was also released in IMAX 3D in the US and Canada on 8 August 2008.
Cavite is a 2005 thriller film in English and Tagalog, written and directed by Filipino American filmmakers Neill Dela Llana and Ian Gamazon which also stars them as the film's leads.
Moon is a 2009 science fiction film directed by Duncan Jones and written by Nathan Parker from a story by Jones. The film follows Sam Bell, a man who experiences a personal crisis as he nears the end of a three-year solitary stint mining helium-3 on the far side of the Moon. Kevin Spacey voices Sam's robot companion, GERTY. Moon premiered at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival and was released in selected cinemas in New York and Los Angeles on 12 June 2009. The release was expanded to additional theatres in the United States on 10 July and to the United Kingdom on 17 July. A follow-up film containing an epilogue to the film's events, Mute, was released in 2018. A third installment, Madi: Once Upon A Time in the Future, will be released in 2020.
Jim Finn is the writer/director of what have been called "Utopian comedies." His first feature film Interkosmos is about an East German space colonization mission. His second feature La Trinchera Luminosa del Presidente Gonzalo is about a day in the life of a Shining Path women's prison cellblock. His third feature The Juche Idea is about an artist residency in North Korea. He has been making short films and videos since 1999. His work is available through the Video Data Bank and Facets DVD.
SpaceX Mars program is a development program initiated by Elon Musk and SpaceX in order to facilitate the eventual colonization of Mars. The program includes fully reusable launch vehicles, human-rated spacecraft, on-orbit propellant tankers, rapid-turnaround launch/landing mounts, and local production of rocket fuel on Mars via in situ resource utilization (ISRU). SpaceX's aspirational goal since 2017 has been to land the first humans on Mars by 2024.
Passengers is a 2016 American science fiction romance film directed by Morten Tyldum and written by Jon Spaihts. The film stars Jennifer Lawrence and Chris Pratt as Aurora Lane and Jim Preston, respectively, with Michael Sheen and Laurence Fishburne in supporting roles. The plot depicts two people who are awakened ninety years too early from an induced hibernation on a spaceship, transporting thousands of passengers, travelling to a colony on a planet in a star system 60 light years from Earth.
Oasis is a pilot episode of an intended 2017 British television drama series, based on Michel Faber's 2014 novel The Book of Strange New Things. It follows the adventures of a Scottish chaplain on an exoplanet colony. Oasis was part of the 2017 pilot season wave 8 by Amazon Video.
Ad Astra is a 2019 American psychological science fiction drama film produced, co-written, and directed by James Gray. Starring Brad Pitt, Tommy Lee Jones, Ruth Negga, Liv Tyler, and Donald Sutherland, it follows an astronaut who ventures into space in search of his lost father, whose experiment threatens the solar system.
References
- ↑ Lim, Dennis (14 February 2006). "Tiger Beat". The Village Voice . The Village Voice LLC. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
- ↑ "Best Shoestring Sci-Fi of 2006". Wired. 28 December 2006. Archived from the original (Web page) on 26 October 2011. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
