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The Athens Convention relating to the Carriage of Passengers and their Luggage by Sea (PAL) is an International Maritime Organization (IMO) legal Convention.
Environmental maritime crime constitutes one of the key components of the broader domain of blue crime, and it describes and includes activities that detrimentally impact the marine environment. Its effects have had extremely deleterious impacts on marine life, both in terms of affecting marine ecosystems and the life quality of coastal citizens, with damages that are often not reparable.
References
- ↑ "International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage (BUNKER)". www.imo.org. Archived from the original on 12 July 2017. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
- ↑ "International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage 2001 (London, 23 March 2001) – ATS 14 of 2009”. Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 18 April 2017.
- 1 2 "Entry into force of Bunker Convention – GARD". www.gard.no. Archived from the original on 19 August 2017. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
- ↑ MARISEC (2009). Shipping Industry Flag State Performance Table (PDF). London: Maritime International Secretariat Services. pp. 1–2. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
- ↑ "LIABILITY AND COMPENSATION FOR SHIP-SOURCE OIL POLLUTION" (PDF). unctad.org. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. 31 January 2012. pp. 20, 23. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
[p20:] However, in some cases, substantial compensation may be available under applicable national law, as for instance in the case of the United States Oil Pollution Act 1990 (OPA 1990). [and p23:] [Non-signatories] includes notably the United States, where, however, strong national legislation to provide for liability and compensation has been enacted.
- ↑ "International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, 2001". www.ecolex.org. Retrieved 30 June 2017.