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Rheumatology is a branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis and management of disorders whose common feature is inflammation in the bones, muscles, joints, and internal organs. Rheumatology covers more than 100 different complex diseases, collectively known as rheumatic diseases, which includes many forms of arthritis as well as lupus and Sjögren's syndrome. Doctors who have undergone formal training in rheumatology are called rheumatologists.
Rheumatism or rheumatic disorders are conditions causing chronic, often intermittent pain affecting the joints or connective tissue. Rheumatism does not designate any specific disorder, but covers at least 200 different conditions, including arthritis and "non-articular rheumatism", also known as "regional pain syndrome" or "soft tissue rheumatism". There is a close overlap between the term soft tissue disorder and rheumatism. Sometimes the term "soft tissue rheumatic disorders" is used to describe these conditions.
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), formerly known as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), is the most common chronic rheumatic disease of childhood, affecting approximately 3.8 to 400 out of 100,000 children. Juvenile, in this context, refers to disease onset before 16 years of age, while idiopathic refers to a condition with no defined cause, and arthritis is inflammation within the joint.
A diagnosis of exclusion or by exclusion is a diagnosis of a medical condition reached by a process of elimination, which may be necessary if presence cannot be established with complete confidence from history, examination or testing. Such elimination of other reasonable possibilities is a major component in performing a differential diagnosis.
Tadamitsu Kishimoto is a Japanese immunologist known for research on IgM and cytokines, most famously, interleukin 6.
Barbara Mary Ansell was a British medical doctor and the founder of the field of paediatric rheumatology. Ansell was notable for outstanding contributions to the advancement of paediatric knowledge, specifically defining chronic joint disorders and the improvement of their management.
Tocilizumab, sold under the brand name Actemra among others, is an immunosuppressive drug, used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis, giant cell arteritis, cytokine release syndrome, COVID‑19, and systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD). It is a humanized monoclonal antibody against the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R). Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a cytokine that plays an important role in immune response and is implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, multiple myeloma and prostate cancer. Tocilizumab was jointly developed by Osaka University and Chugai, and was licensed in 2003 by Hoffmann-La Roche.
Childhood arthritis is an umbrella term used to describe any rheumatic disease or chronic arthritis-related condition which affects individuals under the age of 16. There are several subtypes that differentiate themselves via prognosis, complications, and treatments. Most types are autoimmune disorders, where an individual's immune system may attack its own healthy tissues and cells.
The Arthritis Foundation is a nonprofit organization addressing the needs of people living with arthritis in the United States.
Oligoarthritis is defined as arthritis affecting two to four joints during the first six months of disease.
Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a form of Still's disease, a rare systemic autoinflammatory disease characterized by the classic triad of fevers, joint pain, and a distinctive salmon-colored bumpy rash. The disease is considered a diagnosis of exclusion. Levels of the iron-binding protein ferritin may be extremely elevated with this disorder. AOSD may present in a similar manner to other inflammatory diseases and to autoimmune diseases, which must be ruled out before making the diagnosis.
Asia Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology (APLAR) is a federation of organisations of rheumatology. It was established in Sydney in 1963 and the first congress was held in 1968 in Mumbai at the Taj Mahal Palace Hotel.
Ilar may refer to:
The German Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology in Garmisch-Partenkirchen is the largest specialized center for the treatment of children and adolescents with rheumatic diseases and chronic pain syndromes in Europe.
Antisynthetase syndrome (ASS) is a multisystematic autoimmune disease associated with inflammatory myositis, interstitial lung disease, and antibodies directed against various synthetases of aminoacyl-transfer RNA. Other common symptoms include mechanic's hands, Raynaud's phenomenon, arthritis, and fever.
Systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA), also known as Still disease, Still's disease, and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, is a subtype of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) that is distinguished by arthritis, a characteristic erythematous skin rash, and remitting fever. Fever is a common symptom in patients with sJIA, characterized by sudden temperature rise above 39 °C and then a sudden drop. Over 80% of patients have a salmon-colored macular or maculopapular rash, which can be migratory and nonpruritic. Arthritis can develop weeks, months, or even years after onset and can affect various joints. SJIA is characterized by splenic and lymph node enlargements, with prominent symmetrical lymphadenopathy. Pericardial involvement is common, with 81% of children with active systemic symptoms having abnormal echocardiographic findings and 36% having an effusion or pericardial thickening. Around one-third of children with sJIA have occult macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), a potentially fatal illness causing T cells and macrophages to rapidly multiply and activate, resulting in a "cytokine storm."
The Pan-American League of Associations for Rheumatology (PANLAR) is a non-profit organization composed of rheumatology associations from North, Central, and South America. The organization's main objective is to promote and advance the knowledge, education, research, and care in the field of rheumatology in the Americas. The mission of PANLAR is to stimulate, promote, and support research, the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of rheumatic illnesses. (1).
AFLAR, the African League of Associations for Rheumatology is an organisation of member Rheumatology professional bodies from the African continent and is a partner in ILAR, International League of Associations of Rheumatology. AFLAR publishes the African Journal of Rheumatology twice a year.
Amita Aggarwal is an Indian clinical immunologist, rheumatologist and a Professor and Head at the Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology of the Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow. Known for her studies in autoimmune rheumatic diseases, Aggarwal is a recipient of the Shakuntala Amir Chand Award of the Indian Council of Medical Research and an elected fellow of the National Academy of Sciences, India, National Academy of Medical Sciences and the National Academy of Medical Sciences. The Department of Biotechnology of the Government of India awarded her the National Bioscience Award for Career Development, one of the highest Indian science awards, for her contributions to biosciences in 2004.
Ross E. Petty is a Canadian pediatric rheumatologist. He is a professor emeritus in the Department of Pediatrics at the University of British Columbia and a pediatric rheumatologist at BC Children’s Hospital in Vancouver, Canada. He established Canada’s first formal pediatric rheumatology program at the University of Manitoba in 1976, and three years later, he founded a similar program at the University of British Columbia.
References
- ↑ Boers, M; Tugwell, P; Felson, DT; van Riel, PL; Kirwan, JR; Edmonds, JP; Smolen, JS; Khaltaev, N; Muirden, KD (Sep 1994). "World Health Organization and International League of Associations for Rheumatology core endpoints for symptom modifying antirheumatic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials". J Rheumatol Suppl. 41: 86–9. PMID 7799394.
- ↑ "Juvenile idiopathic arthritis classified by the ILAR criteria: HLA associations in UK patients". Rheumatology. Oct 2002. Archived from the original on 2011-01-21.