During the Japanese-led Nanjing Massacre, the International Red Cross established a contingent in the city to coordinate the humanitarian aid effort.
Name | Nationality / Occupation | Organization |
---|---|---|
John Magee | American missionary | American Church Mission |
Li Chuin-nan | Chinese | |
Walter Lowe | Chinese | |
Ernest Forster | American missionary | St. Paul Church |
Christian Kröger | German | |
Mary Twinem | Chinese-American | |
Minnie Vautrin | American missionary | Ginling Girls' College |
Robert O. Wilson | American physician | Drum Tower Hospital (Nanking University Hospital) |
P. H. Munro-Faure | British businessman | Asiatic Petroleum Co. |
C.S. Trimmer | American physician | Drum Tower Hospital (Nanking University Hospital) |
James McCallum | American missionary | Drum Tower Hospital (Nanking University Hospital) |
Miner Searle Bates | American professor | University of Nanking |
John Rabe | German businessman | Siemens Co. |
Lewis S. C. Smythe | American professor | University of Nanking |
Rev. W. Plumer Mills | American missionary | American Church Mission |
Cola Podshivoloff | Russian (White) | |
Pastor Shen Yu-shu | Chinese | Christian minister |
Below is listed their responsibilities, and/or their mini-biographies if known and not already linked above:
John Magee was an Episcopalian minister and the Red Cross chairman of the Nanking Branch. In his role with the Red Cross, he provided care to the hospitalized wounded, but is also known for filming what he saw on the streets of Nanjing, providing documentary evidence to the world.
Through Minnie Vautrin's efforts, Ginling Girls College became a haven of refuge, at times harboring up to 10,000 women in a college designed to support between 200 and 300. With only her wits and the use of an American flag, Vautrin was able to repel incursions into her college and thereby protected thousands of Chinese women from being raped as she oversaw the refugee camp at Ginling Women's Arts and Science College where she served as the acting president.
James McCallum drove the Drum Tower Hospital ambulance to pick up wounded around the city day and night, fighting to keep himself awake.
Grace Bauer worked in the Drum Tower Hospital to help care for the wounded who poured in.
Mary Twinem, née Fine (費馬利), or Mrs. Paul de Witt-Twinem, taught at Kwang-hwa High School, where she was one of Soong Mei-ling's teacher. An American from Trenton, New Jersey, she was later naturalized as a Chinese citizen and considered herself Chinese. [1] [2]
Soong Mei-ling, also known as Madame Chiang Kai-shek or Madame Chiang, was a Chinese political figure who was First Lady of the Republic of China, the wife of President Chiang Kai-shek of the Republic of China. Soong played a prominent role in the politics of the Republic of China and was the sister-in-law of Sun Yat-sen, the founder and the leader of the Republic of China. She was active in the civic life of her country and held many honorary and active positions, including chairwoman of Fu Jen Catholic University. During World War II, she rallied against the Japanese; and in 1943 conducted an eight-month speaking tour of the United States to gain support.
The Soong sisters, Soong Ai-ling, Soong Ching-ling, and Soong Mei-ling, were three sisters from Wenchang city, Hainan island. Raised as Christians and educated in America, the sisters all married powerful men, respectively, H. H. Kung, Sun Yat Sen, and Chiang Kai-shek. Along with their husbands, they became among China's most significant political figures of the early 20th century.
The Nanjing Massacre or the Rape of Nanjing was the mass murder of Chinese civilians in Nanjing, the capital of the Republic of China, immediately after the Battle of Nanking in the Second Sino-Japanese War, by the Imperial Japanese Army. Beginning on December 13, 1937, the massacre lasted six weeks. The perpetrators also committed other war crimes such as mass rape, looting, and arson. The massacre is considered to be one of the worst wartime atrocities.
The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II is a bestselling 1997 non-fiction book written by Iris Chang about the 1937–1938 Nanjing Massacre — the mass murder and mass rape of Chinese civilians committed by the Imperial Japanese Army in Nanjing, the capital of the Republic of China, immediately after the Battle of Nanjing during the Second Sino-Japanese War. It describes the events leading up to the Nanjing Massacre, provides a graphic detail of the war crimes and atrocities committed by Japanese troops, and lambastes the Japanese government for its refusal to rectify the atrocities. It also criticizes the Japanese people for their ignorance about the massacre. It is one of the first major English-language books to introduce the Nanjing Massacre to Western and Eastern readers alike, and has been translated into several languages. The book significantly renewed public interest in Japanese wartime conduct in China, Korea, Southeast Asia and the Pacific.
Secor is a village in Clayton Township, Woodford County, Illinois, United States. The population was 373 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Peoria, Illinois Metropolitan Statistical Area. Secor is located just off U.S. Route 24 between El Paso and Eureka.
Rosamond Soong Ch'ing-ling was a Chinese political figure. As the third wife of Sun Yat-sen, then Premier of the Kuomintang and President of the Republic of China, she was often referred to as Madame Sun Yat-sen. She was a member of the Soong family and, together with her siblings, played a prominent role in China's politics prior to and after 1949.
Soong Ai-ling, legally Soong E-ling or Eling Soong, was a Chinese businesswoman, the eldest of the Soong sisters and the wife of H. H. Kung, who was the richest man in the early 20th century Republic of China. The first character of her given name is written as 靄 in some texts. Her Christian name was Nancy.
Charles Jones Soong, also known by his courtesy name Soong Yao-ju, was a Chinese businessman who first achieved prominence as a publisher in Shanghai. His children became some of the most prominent politicians of Kuomintang China.
Ginling College, also known by its pinyin romanization as Jinling College or Jinling Women's College, is a women's college of Nanjing Normal University in Nanjing, China. It offers both bachelor's and master's degrees. It offers six undergraduate majors: applied English, accounting, financial management, labor and social welfare, food science and engineering, and food quality and safety. Master's degrees are offered in food science, agricultural products processing, and storage, and women's education.
Wilhelmina "Minnie" Vautrin was an American missionary, diarist, educator and president of Ginling College. She was a Christian missionary in China for 28 years. She is known for the care and protection of at least 10,000 Chinese refugees during the Nanjing Massacre in China, at times even challenging the Japanese authorities for documents in an attempt to protect the civilians staying at her college.
The International Committee was established in 1937 to establish and manage the Nanking Safety Zone.
Vautrin is a fictional character from the novels of French writer Honoré de Balzac in the La Comédie humaine series..
Mary Augusta Nourse (1880–1971) was an American educator and writer on China and the Far East, and a co-founder of Jinling College in Nanjing. The best-known of her several books was her first, a popular history of China titled The Four Hundred Million.
Hubert Lafayette Sone, (1892–1970), also known as SoongHsu-Peh in Chinese, was an American Methodist missionary in China. He was a professor of Old Testament at Nanjing Theological Seminary during the Japanese invasion in 1937. Sone was among the small group of foreigners who remained in the city and provided aid to the Chinese victims of the Japanese atrocities. He served with John Rabe on the International Committee for the Nanking Safety Zone and was Associate Food Commissioner. On 18 February 1938 the name of the committee was changed to the "Nanjing International Relief Committee." After the departure of George Fitch, Sone was elected Director of the Nanjing International Relief Committee. For their actions in support of the Chinese people, Sone and thirteen other Americans were awarded "The Order of the Blue Jade" by the Chinese government.
Deng Yuzhi also known as Cora Deng, was a Chinese social and Christian activist, and a feminist. Born in Hubei, she promoted women's education and rights, and defied the traditional woman's role in Chinese society. A Protestant by birth, she was an active and leading member of the Chinese Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA). She established night schools for the women workers of industrial establishments, and fought for their rights. At the age of 19, she participated in the May Fourth Movement, and, on the establishment of the People's Republic, held positions in the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) administration.
Wang Ming-chen was a Chinese theoretical physicist and a professor at Tsinghua University, Beijing. As one of the first few Chinese female students studying science abroad, she was best known for her work on stochastic process and Brownian motion with George Uhlenbeck as well as the first female professor of Tsinghua University according to some source.
Tsen Shui Fang, or Cheng Ruifang in some translations, was a Chinese nurse who worked in tandem with American missionary Wilhelmina “Minnie” Vautrin as her assistant during the Nanjing Massacre. Together Minnie Vautrin and Tsen Shui Fang would provide help for women and children in the Ginling College. Both Tsen and Vautrin kept diaries during their time in Nanjing, or Nanking, to document everyday occurrences they witnessed during the Japanese invasion. This diary has led her to be known as the “Anne Frank of the East,” as this is the only firsthand account during Nanjing Massacre by a Chinese national. On October 10, 2015, Tsen’s diary was added to the UNESCO Memory of the World Programme. The original scripts of the diary is currently kept in the Second Historical Archives of China in Nanjing.
Luo Heng was a Chinese politician. She was among the first group of women elected to the Legislative Yuan in 1948.
Louise Zung-nyi Loh was a Chinese mathematician, physicist, and educator. She taught mathematics and physics in China from 1925 to 1948, and in the United States after 1948.
Yuh-tsung Zee was a Chinese diplomat in the middle of the 20th century.