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An idiopathic disease is any disease with an unknown cause or mechanism of apparent spontaneous origin. From Greek ἴδιος idios "one's own" and πάθος pathos "suffering", idiopathy means approximately "a disease of its own kind". For some medical conditions, one or more causes are somewhat understood, but in a certain percentage of people with the condition, the cause may not be readily apparent or characterized. In these cases, the origin of the condition is said to be idiopathic. With some other medical conditions, the root cause for a large percentage of all cases have not been established—for example, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or ankylosing spondylitis; the majority of these cases are deemed idiopathic.
Panniculitis is a group of diseases whose hallmark is inflammation of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Symptoms include tender skin nodules, and systemic signs such as weight loss and fatigue.
Palmoplantar keratodermas are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by abnormal thickening of the palms and soles.
Lipoatrophia semicircularis is a medical condition in humans, commonly known as ribbed thighs.
Lipohypertrophy is a lump under the skin caused by accumulation of extra fat at the site of many subcutaneous injections of insulin. It may be unsightly, mildly painful, and may change the timing or completeness of insulin action. It is a common, minor, chronic complication of diabetes mellitus.
Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS), also known as intra-articular giant-cell tumor of the tendon sheath, is a joint disease characterized by inflammation and overgrowth of the joint lining, becoming benign tumors. It usually affects the hip or knee. It can also occur in the shoulder, ankle, elbow, hand or foot. In PVNS patients, the lining of the joint, called the synovium, becomes swollen and grows foreign bodies. This growth harms the bone next to the joint. The lining also makes extra fluid that can cause swelling and make movement painful, limiting range of motion. PVNS is idiopathic, it doesn't seem to run in families or be caused by certain jobs or activities, although it has been associated with prior injury. Surgery can help, although there is a high reoccurrence rate. Depending on the type of PVNS, localized or diffused, the reoccurrence rate differs with localized being easier to resect generally. If the pain remains then radiation therapy or chemotherapy may help. In the worst cases the joint must be replaced or amputated.
Primary cutaneous amyloidosis is a form of amyloidosis associated with oncostatin M receptor. This type of amyloidosis has been divided into the following types:
Anetoderma is a localized laxity of the skin with herniation or outpouching resulting from abnormal dermal elastic tissue. Anetoderma comes in three types:
Triangular alopecia is hair loss that may be congenital but usually appears in childhood as a focal patch of loss that may be complete or leaving fine vellus hairs behind. Affected individuals are typically entirely healthy. Hair restoration surgery using follicular unit transplantation has been a successful treatment modality for TTA
Cutaneous focal mucinosis is a skin condition characterized by a solitary nodule or papule.
Paroxysmal hand hematoma is a skin condition characterized by spontaneous focal hemorrhage into the palm or the volar surface of a finger, which results in transitory localized pain, followed by rapid swelling and localized blueish discoloration.
Painful bruising syndrome is an idiopathic trauma-induced condition seen in young to middle-aged women who sometimes manifest personality disorders. It is characterized by a distinctive localized purpuric reaction occurring primarily on the legs, face and trunk, with recurring painful ecchymoses variably accompanied by syncope, nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal and intracranial bleeding.
Annular elastolytic giant-cell granuloma is a cutaneous condition characterized histologically by a dermal infiltrate of macrophages.
Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia refers to a groups of benign cutaneous disorders characterized by collections of lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells in the skin. Conditions included in this groups are:
Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis is a cutaneous condition characterized by calcification of the skin resulting from the deposition of calcium and phosphorus occurring on the scrotum. However, the levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood are normal. Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis typically affects young males, with an onset between adolescence and early adulthood. The scrotal calcinosis appears, without any symptoms, as yellowish nodules that range in size from 1 mm to several centimeters.
Idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma is a cutaneous condition characterized by a chronic, painless, solitary nodule, reminiscent of an acne nodule, appearing on the cheeks of young children. It has a prolonged course, but spontaneously heals.
Superficial granulomatous pyoderma is a cutaneous condition, a variant of pyoderma gangrenosum characterized by a localized superficial vegetative or ulcerative lesion, which usually follows trauma, such as surgery.
Atrophic connective tissue panniculitis is a rare condition, and often occurs on the upper or lower extremities.
Non-progressive late-onset linear hemifacial lipoatrophy is a cutaneous condition that occurs on the malar cheek, mostly in the elderly population.
Hemihyperplasia–multiple lipomatosis syndrome is a cutaneous condition characterized by multiple lipomas in association with asymmetric overgrowth, cutaneous capillary malformations, and thickened plantar skin with prominent creases.
References
- ↑ Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
- ↑ Cendras, J.; Durand, L.; Dereure, O. (2007). "Idiopathic Localized Involutional Lipoatrophy: A Lupus Profunds-like Condition". Acta Dermato-Venereologica. 87 (6): 546–7. doi: 10.2340/00015555-0300 . PMID 17989899.
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