Romanian is the official and main language of Romania and Moldova. Romanian is part of the Eastern Romance sub-branch of Romance languages,a linguistic group that evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin which separated from the Western Romance languages in the course of the period from the 5th to the 8th centuries. To distinguish it within the Eastern Romance languages,in comparative linguistics it is called Daco-Romanian as opposed to its closest relatives,Aromanian,Megleno-Romanian,and Istro-Romanian. It is also spoken as a minority language by stable communities in the countries surrounding Romania,and by the large Romanian diaspora. In total,it is spoken by 25 million people as a first language.
The Romanian state was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia. The new state,officially named Romania since 1866,gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877. During World War I,after declaring its neutrality in 1914,Romania fought together with the Allied Powers from 1916. In the aftermath of the war,Bukovina,Bessarabia,Transylvania,and parts of Banat,Crișana,and Maramureșbecame part of the Kingdom of Romania. In June–August 1940,as a consequence of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award,Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union and Northern Transylvania to Hungary. In November 1940,Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and,consequently,in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side,fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944,when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania.
The Warsaw Pact (WP),formally the Treaty of Friendship,Cooperation and Mutual Assistance (TFCMA),was a collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw,Poland,between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist republics of Central and Eastern Europe in May 1955,during the Cold War. The term "Warsaw Pact" commonly refers to both the treaty itself and its resultant military alliance,the Warsaw Treaty Organization (WTO). The Warsaw Pact was the military complement to the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon),the economic organization for the Eastern Bloc states.
Nicolae Ceaușescu was a Romanian politician who was the second and last communist leader of Romania,serving as the general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 to 1989. Widely classified as a dictator,he was the country's head of state from 1967 to 1989,serving as President of the State Council from 1967 and as the first President of the Republic from 1974. He was overthrown and executed in the Romanian Revolution in December 1989,part of a series of anti-communist uprisings in Eastern Europe that year.
Nadia Elena Comăneci Conner is a Romanian retired gymnast. She is a five-time Olympic gold medalist,all in individual events. In 1976,at the age of 14,Comăneci was the first gymnast to be awarded a perfect score of 10.0 at the Olympic Games. At the same Games,she received six more perfect 10s for events en route to winning three gold medals. At the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow,she won two more gold medals and achieved two more perfect 10s. During her career,she won nine Olympic medals and four World Artistic Gymnastics Championship medals.
The Dacians were the ancient Indo-European inhabitants of the cultural region of Dacia,located in the area near the Carpathian Mountains and west of the Black Sea. They are often considered a subgroup of the Thracians. This area includes mainly the present-day countries of Romania and Moldova,as well as parts of Ukraine,Eastern Serbia,Northern Bulgaria,Slovakia,Hungary and Southern Poland. The Dacians and the related Getae spoke the Dacian language,which has a debated relationship with the neighbouring Thracian language and may be a subgroup of it. Dacians were somewhat culturally influenced by the neighbouring Scythians and by the Celtic invaders of the 4th century BC.
Dacian is an extinct language generally believed to be a member of the Indo-European language family that was spoken in the ancient region of Dacia.
The Allies,the Entente or the Triple Entente was an international military coalition of countries led by France,the United Kingdom,Russia,the United States,Italy,and Japan against the Central Powers of Germany,Austria-Hungary,the Ottoman Empire,and Bulgaria in World War I (1914–1918).
A județ is an administrative division in Romania,and was also used from 1940 to 1947 in the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic and from 1998 to 2003 in Moldova.
The term Thraco-Roman describes the Romanized culture of Thracians under the rule of the Roman Empire.
Field Marshal George Francis Milne,1st Baron Milne,was a senior British Army officer who served as Chief of the Imperial General Staff (CIGS) from 1926 to 1933. He served in the Second Boer War and during the First World War he served briefly on the Western Front but spent most of the war commanding the British forces on the Macedonian front. As CIGS he generally promoted the mechanisation of British land forces although limited practical progress was made during his term in office.
Elena Ceaușescu was a Romanian communist politician who was the wife of Nicolae Ceaușescu,General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party and leader of the Socialist Republic of Romania. She was also the Deputy Prime Minister of Romania. Following the Romanian Revolution in 1989,she was executed alongside her husband on 25 December.
Operation München was the Romanian codename of a joint German-Romanian offensive during the German invasion of the Soviet Union in World War II,with the primary objective of recapturing Bessarabia,Northern Bukovina and the Hertsa region,ceded by Romania to the Soviet Union a year before. The operation started during the night of 2–3 July 1941 and concluded successfully after 24 days of fighting. Axis formations involved included the Romanian Third Army in the north;the German Eleventh Army and subordinated Romanian units in the center;and the Romanian Fourth Army in the south. The invasion was followed by a genocide against the Jewish population of Bessarabia.
Events from the year 1946 in Romania. The year started with the end of the royal strike and ended with the Romanian Communist Party win the first election following the introduction of women's suffrage.
Events from the year 1938 in Romania. A self-coup and subsequent new constitution make Carol II a royal dictator.
Events from the year 1949 in Romania. The year saw the introduction of collectivization and the first Romanian identity card.
Events from the year 1953 in Romania. The year saw the death of Carol II.
Events from the year 1932 in Romania. The year saw the birth of two future Woman Grandmasters,Maria Albulețand Margareta Teodorescu.
Events from the year 1960 in Romania. At the 1960 Summer Olympics,Iolanda Balașwins the first Romanian Olympic gold medal.
Events from the year 1961 in Romania. The year saw the creation of the title of President of the State Council for the de facto head of state. The first office holder was Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej,who was already General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party.
