Itala Maria Loffredo D'Ottaviano (born 1944) [1] is a Brazilian mathematical logician who was president of the Brazilian Logic Society. Topics in her work have included non-classical logic, paraconsistent logic, many-valued logic, and the history of logic. [2]
After graduating from the Conservatório Musical Carlos Gomes , a music school in Campinas, in 1960, D'Ottaviano studied mathematics at the Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, graduating in 1966. She earned a master's degree in mathematics at the University of Campinas in 1974, and completed a Ph.D. there in 1982, advised by Mário Tourasse Teixeira and Newton da Costa, respectively. [3] Her doctoral dissertation, Sobre Uma Teoria de Modelos Trivalente, concerned the model theory of three-valued logic. [4] She earned a habilitation at the University of Campinas in 1987. [3]
D'Ottaviano was a postdoctoral researcher at the University of California, Stanford University, and the University of Oxford. She taught mathematics at the University of Campinas beginning in 1969, and became a titular professor there in 1998. [3] From 2013 to 2014 she was Provost of Graduate Studies at the university. [5]
She was president of the Brazilian Logic Society twice, from 1994 to 2003 and again from 2011 to 2014. She also headed the Committee on Logic in Latin America of the Association for Symbolic Logic from 1993 to 1999. [5]
With Roberto Cignoli and Daniele Mundici, D'Ottaviano is a coauthor of the book Algebraic Foundations of Many-Valued Reasoning (Kluwer, 2000). [6]
D'Ottaviano is a full member of the International Academy of Philosophy of Science. [7]
A paradox is a logically self-contradictory statement or a statement that runs contrary to one's expectation. It is a statement that, despite apparently valid reasoning from true premises, leads to a seemingly self-contradictory or a logically unacceptable conclusion. A paradox usually involves contradictory-yet-interrelated elements that exist simultaneously and persist over time.
In logic, a three-valued logic is any of several many-valued logic systems in which there are three truth values indicating true, false and some indeterminate third value. This is contrasted with the more commonly known bivalent logics which provide only for true and false.
A paraconsistent logic is an attempt at a logical system to deal with contradictions in a discriminating way. Alternatively, paraconsistent logic is the subfield of logic that is concerned with studying and developing "inconsistency-tolerant" systems of logic which reject the principle of explosion.
Newton Carneiro Affonso da Costa is a Brazilian mathematician, logician, and philosopher. He studied engineering and mathematics at the Federal University of Paraná in Curitiba and the title of his 1961 Ph.D. dissertation was Topological spaces and continuous functions.
In universal algebra and mathematical logic, a term algebra is a freely generated algebraic structure over a given signature. For example, in a signature consisting of a single binary operation, the term algebra over a set X of variables is exactly the free magma generated by X. Other synonyms for the notion include absolutely free algebra and anarchic algebra.
In abstract algebra, a branch of pure mathematics, an MV-algebra is an algebraic structure with a binary operation , a unary operation , and the constant , satisfying certain axioms. MV-algebras are the algebraic semantics of Łukasiewicz logic; the letters MV refer to the many-valued logic of Łukasiewicz. MV-algebras coincide with the class of bounded commutative BCK algebras.
Non-classical logics are formal systems that differ in a significant way from standard logical systems such as propositional and predicate logic. There are several ways in which this is done, including by way of extensions, deviations, and variations. The aim of these departures is to make it possible to construct different models of logical consequence and logical truth.
Formal epistemology uses formal methods from decision theory, logic, probability theory and computability theory to model and reason about issues of epistemological interest. Work in this area spans several academic fields, including philosophy, computer science, economics, and statistics. The focus of formal epistemology has tended to differ somewhat from that of traditional epistemology, with topics like uncertainty, induction, and belief revision garnering more attention than the analysis of knowledge, skepticism, and issues with justification.
Jean-Yves Béziau is a professor and researcher of the Brazilian Research Council (CNPq) at the University of Brazil in Rio de Janeiro.
Logic is the formal science of using reason and is considered a branch of both philosophy and mathematics and to a lesser extent computer science. Logic investigates and classifies the structure of statements and arguments, both through the study of formal systems of inference and the study of arguments in natural language. The scope of logic can therefore be very large, ranging from core topics such as the study of fallacies and paradoxes, to specialized analyses of reasoning such as probability, correct reasoning, and arguments involving causality. One of the aims of logic is to identify the correct and incorrect inferences. Logicians study the criteria for the evaluation of arguments.
Francisco Antônio de Moraes Accioli Dória is a Brazilian mathematician, philosopher, and genealogist. Francisco Antônio Dória received his B.S. in Chemical Engineering from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil, in 1968 and then got his doctorate from the Brazilian Center for Research in Physics (CBPF), advised by Leopoldo Nachbin in 1977. Dória worked for a while at the Physics Institute of UFRJ, and then left to become a Professor of the Foundations of Communications at the School of Communications, also at UFRJ. Dória held visiting positions at the University of Rochester (NY), Stanford University (CA), and the University of São Paulo (USP). His most prolific period spawned from his collaboration with Newton da Costa, a Brazilian logician and one of the founders of paraconsistent logic, which began in 1985. He is currently Professor of Communications, Emeritus, at UFRJ and a member of the Brazilian Academy of Philosophy.
Synthese is a scholarly periodical specializing in papers in epistemology, methodology, and philosophy of science, and related issues. According to Google Scholar's metrics, it is the top philosophy journal. Its subject area is divided into four specialties, with a focus on the first three: (1) "epistemology, methodology, and philosophy of science, all broadly understood"; (2) "foundations of logic and mathematics, where 'logic', 'mathematics', and 'foundations' are all broadly understood"; (3) "formal methods in philosophy, including methods connecting philosophy to other academic fields"; and (4) "issues in ethics and the history and sociology of logic, mathematics, and science that contribute to the contemporary studies".
Željko Loparić is a Yugoslav-born Brazilian philosopher, historian of philosophy and university teacher. Born in modern-day Croatia, he is a naturalized Brazilian, and professor at the University of Campinas.
Walter Alexandre Carnielli is a Brazilian mathematician, logician, and philosopher, full professor of Logic at the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP). With Bachelor and Ms.C. degrees in mathematics at the State University of Campinas in Campinas he obtained his Ph.D. in 1984 from the same university under the supervision of Newton da Costa and subsequently worked as a PostDoc at the University of California at Berkeley as a Research Fellow, following an invitation by Leon Henkin.
Matthias Schirn is a German philosopher and logician.
Logic is an interdisciplinary field which studies truth and reasoning. Informal logic seeks to characterize valid arguments informally, for instance by listing varieties of fallacies. Formal logic represents statements and argument patterns symbolically, using formal systems such as first order logic. Within formal logic, mathematical logic studies the mathematical characteristics of logical systems, while philosophical logic applies them to philosophical problems such as the nature of meaning, knowledge, and existence. Systems of formal logic are also applied in other fields including linguistics, cognitive science, and computer science.
The International Academy for Philosophy of Science, better known as the Académie Internationale de Philosophie des Sciences (AIPS) is an international organization located in Brussels, which promotes fundamental issues of philosophy of science in an open interdisciplinary dialogue. Its members are philosophers of science or leading experts in sciences interested in philosophical questions.
The following is a list of works by philosopher Graham Priest.
Arnon Avron is an Israeli mathematician and Professor at the School of Computer Science at Tel Aviv University. His research focuses on applications of mathematical logic to computer science and artificial intelligence.
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