JDRF

Last updated
JDRF
FoundedMay 28, 1970;53 years ago (1970-05-28) [1]
FounderLee Ducat, Carol Lurie
23-1907729 [2]
Legal status 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization [3]
Location
  • New York, New York, US
Method Research funding,
Political advocacy,
Education
Subsidiaries JDRF Therapeutics Fund LLC [2]
Revenue (2016)
$204,355,782 [2]
Expenses (2016)$189,479,405 [2]
Endowment $7,176,427 [2]
Employees (2015)
890 [2]
Volunteers (2015)
300,000 [2]
Website jdrf.org
Formerly called
Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation

JDRF is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization that funds type 1 diabetes (T1D) research, provides a broad array of community and activist services to the T1D population and actively advocates for regulation favorable to medical research and approval of new and improved treatment modalities. It was initially founded as the JDF, the Juvenile Diabetes Foundation. It later changed its name to the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation and is now known as JDRF.

Contents

History

JDRF was founded to find a cure for juvenile diabetes; in the 2000s, it broadened its research efforts to include ways to better manage the disease and ways to prevent it. [4]

In 2005 the board of JDRF committed to supporting work on medical devices to manage blood glucose, known as artificial pancreas technology. The Board was urged to do so by Jeffrey Brewer, who founded and sold Citysearch, and had become interested in juvenile diabetes and medical devices after his son was diagnosed with the condition. [5] The focus was on integrating continuous glucose monitors (CGM's) and insulin pumps via a computerized program that would use blood glucose levels obtained through the CGM to calculate an insulin dosage to be dispensed through the insulin pump. [6] [7] The first such device was approved in 2016. [8]

JDRF has advocated for stem cell research; in a 2004 article in The Wall Street Journal, the authors observed that the JDRF "... has become adept at unleashing an army of hard-to-resist lobbyists – made up of determined parents and their afflicted children – on researchers, politicians and potential donors." [9]

In 2011, the FDA made it a priority to clarify the requirements for approval for such a closed-loop monitoring and drug delivery device for T1D, and announced it was preparing draft guidelines. JDRF launched a campaign to influence those guidelines to be lenient. [6] After the first closed-loop device was approved in 2016, JDRF lobbied insurance companies to cover it.[ citation needed ] The campaign also put resources into educating people with diabetes on how to navigate health insurance in the United States, and into lobbying Congress to continue funding diabetes research through the NIH.[ citation needed ]

The FDA lobbying campaign was part of a gradual realignment of the organization to focus on issues other than helping find a cure for JD, but to help treat and manage the disease. This broadened scope meant that the organization increasingly directed its funds to education and advocacy, along with research funding. [4] This included lobbying insurance companies to pay for CGM devices, educating patients on how to advocate for themselves, and lobbying Congress for more NIH funding.[ citation needed ]

Representatives from JDRF with Terri Sewell on Capitol Hill in 2018 Terri Sewell with representatives from the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation in 2018.jpg
Representatives from JDRF with Terri Sewell on Capitol Hill in 2018

In 1974, four years after JDRF was founded in the United States, a group of parents determined to find a cure for their children living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) came together and began JDRF Canada, launching the largest funder and advocate for T1D research in Canada. The UK arm of the Juvenile Diabetes Foundation (JDRF) was founded by Richard Lawson in 1986. In 1988 he became Director. The Foundation is now known as the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF) and is "the leading global organisation funding Type 1 Diabetes research". [10] [ better source needed ]

In 2019, JDRF International appointed its first-ever CEO and President with Type 1 Diabetes, Dr. Aaron Kowalski. Prior to taking this role, Kowalski served as JDRF's Chief Mission Officer for five years. [11]

Research

In 2018, JDRF provided $85 million (37% of their total income) to T1D scientific research grants; they provided $156.4 million (67% of their total income) in 2008. [12]

Research Grant Spending Graph jdrf.jpg
Wiki graph jdrf 2.jpg
The images above provide an overview of JDRF research spending from 2001 to 2018. [13] [14]

Noted philanthropists

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Insulin pump</span> Medical device to administer insulin

An insulin pump is a medical device used for the administration of insulin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, also known as continuous subcutaneous insulin therapy. The device configuration may vary depending on design. A traditional pump includes:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Type 1 diabetes</span> Form of diabetes mellitus

Type 1 diabetes (T1D), formerly known as juvenile diabetes, is an autoimmune disease that originates when cells that make insulin are destroyed by the immune system. Insulin is a hormone required for the cells to use blood sugar for energy and it helps regulate glucose levels in the bloodstream. Before treatment this results in high blood sugar levels in the body. The common symptoms of this elevated blood sugar are frequent urination, increased thirst, increased hunger, weight loss, and other serious complications. Additional symptoms may include blurry vision, tiredness, and slow wound healing. Symptoms typically develop over a short period of time, often a matter of weeks if not months.

Inhalable insulin is a powdered form of insulin, delivered with an inhaler into the lungs where it is absorbed. In general inhaled insulins have been more rapidly absorbed than subcutaneous injected insulin, with faster peak concentration in serum and more rapid metabolism.

Automated insulin delivery systems are automated systems designed to assist people with insulin-requiring diabetes, by automatically adjusting insulin delivery in response to blood glucose levels. Currently available systems can only deliver a single hormone—insulin. Other systems currently in development aim to improve on current systems by adding one or more additional hormones that can be delivered as needed, providing something closer to the endocrine functionality of the pancreas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diabetes management software</span>

Diabetes Management Software refers to software tools that run on personal computers and personal digital assistants to help persons with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes manage the data associated with:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Minimed Paradigm</span> Insulin pumps

MiniMed Paradigm is a series of insulin pumps manufactured by Medtronic for patients with diabetes mellitus. The pump operates with a single AAA battery and uses a piston-plunger pump to infuse a programmed amount of insulin into the patient through a length of tubing. The Paradigm uses a one-way wireless radio frequency link to receive blood sugar measurements from select glucose meters. The Paradigm RT series adds the ability to receive data from a mated continuous blood-glucose monitor. Although the pump can use these measurements to assist in calculating a dose of insulin, no actual change in insulin delivery occurs without manual user-intervention.

DexCom, Inc. is a company that develops, manufactures, produces, and distributes continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems for diabetes management. It operates internationally with headquarters in San Diego, California, and has manufacturing facilities in Mesa, Arizona and Batu Kawan, Malaysia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mark Atkinson (scientist)</span> American medical researcher (born 1961)

Mark Atkinson is an American medical researcher best known for his contributions to research seeking to predict, prevent, and cure type 1 diabetes. He is the author of over 600 publications and is one of the world's most cited diabetes researchers.

Bruce Bode, MD, FACE is a diabetes specialist with the Atlanta Diabetes Associates in Atlanta, GA and is a clinical associate professor at Emory University in the Department of Medicine. He has served on the board of directors of the Atlanta chapters of the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF), the American Diabetes Association (ADA), and various Georgia-based diabetes camps. Bode is a member of the board of directors of Glytec and an active member of the JDRF research team validating the efficacy and safety of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGMS), and is a former president of the ADA Georgia Affiliate and editor of the ADA's 2004 edition of Medical Management of Type 1 Diabetes.

International Diabetes Center at Park Nicollet (IDC) is a center for diabetes care, research and education located in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. The center provides clinical, motivational and educational services for people with diabetes. It is part of HealthPartners Institute.

Tandem Diabetes Care is an American medical device manufacturer based in San Diego, California. The company develops medical technologies for the treatment of diabetes and specifically insulin infusion therapy.

Bigfoot Biomedical Inc. is a medical technology start-up headquartered in Milpitas, California, founded by a team of people with personal connections to type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Juvenile Diabetes Cure Alliance</span>

The Juvenile Diabetes Cure Alliance (JDCA) is a registered 501(c)(3) non-profit organization dedicated to developing a "Practical Cure" for type 1 diabetes. The organization advocates for increasing type 1 diabetes cure research and publishes reports on a variety of related topics, including research progress, fundraising utilization, and donor priorities. Established in 2010, the organization’s home office is in New York City and it focuses primarily on activity within the United States.

Boris Petrov Kovatchev is a professor at the University of Virginia where he is the founding Director of the UVA Center for Diabetes Technology, and a principal investigator of the JDRF Artificial Pancreas Project.

Nightscout is a free and open-source project, and associated social movement, that enables accessing and working with continuous glucose monitor (CGM) data. Nightscout software aims to give users access to their real time blood sugar data by putting this data in the cloud. In addition to browser-based data visualization, Nightscout can also be used to review data from a phone or smartwatch, or to remotely monitor CGM data for individuals with type 1 diabetes. Associated with Nightscout software is a broader "CGM in the Cloud" social movement, supporting individuals seeking to access and use realtime CGM data through commercial and DIY approaches.

The Open Artificial Pancreas System (OpenAPS) project is a free and open-source project that aims to make basic artificial pancreas system (APS) technology available to everyone. The OpenAPS project was designed with the idea of quickly getting the APS technology to more people using a direct approach, rather than waiting for clinical trials to be completed and regulatory approval to be granted.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Continuous glucose monitor</span> Blood glucose monitoring device

A continuous glucose monitor (CGM) is a device used for monitoring blood glucose on a continual basis instead of monitoring glucose levels periodically by drawing a drop of blood from a finger. This is known as continuous glucose monitoring. CGMs are used by people who treat their diabetes with insulin, for example people with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, or other types of diabetes, such as gestational diabetes.

Gerold Grodsky (1927–2022) was an American professor of biochemistry, biophysics, and medicine at the University of California, San Francisco Diabetes Center, as well as a diabetes researcher. He is most known for his contributions to the modern artificial pancreas.

William V. Tamborlane has been Professor and Chief of Pediatric Endocrinology at Yale School of Medicine since 1986.

Robin Koops is a Dutch mechanical engineer, designer and inventor. He is known for developing an artificial pancreas.

References

  1. ↑ "JDRF International". Pennsylvania Department of State. Retrieved September 27, 2017.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Form 990: Return of Organization Exempt from Income Tax". JDRF International. Guidestar. June 30, 2016.
  3. ↑ "JDRF". Exempt Organizations Select Check. Internal Revenue Service. Retrieved September 27, 2017.
  4. 1 2 Insel, RA; Deecher, DC; Brewer, J (January 2012). "Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation: mission, strategy, and priorities". Diabetes. 61 (1): 30–5. doi:10.2337/db11-1398. PMC   3237656 . PMID   22187372.
  5. ↑ Hurley, Dan. "Robotic Pancreas: One Man's Quest to Put Millions of Diabetics on Autopilot". Wired Magazine, April 19, 2010. Vol. 18, no. 5. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
  6. 1 2 Dolgin, E (17 May 2012). "Medical devices: Managed by machine" (PDF). Nature. 485 (7398): S6-8. Bibcode:2012Natur.485S...6D. doi: 10.1038/485s6a . PMID   22616096.
  7. ↑ "Artificial Pancreas Gives Girl a Vacation from Diabetes". CNN, March 4, 2012. 5 March 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
  8. ↑ Robbins, Rebecca (3 October 2016). "The risky bet behind the first 'artificial pancreas' for diabetes". STAT.
  9. ↑ Regalado, A; Waldholz, M (31 March 2004). "Ballot drive puts stem-cell funding in voters' hands. In California, diabetes groups show growing influence as they push for research; big backing from Hollywood". Wall Street Journal (Eastern Ed.): A1, A12. PMID   15250089.
  10. ↑ "JDRF". www.delts.org. Retrieved 2020-01-14.
  11. ↑ "Aaron Kowalski Named JDRF President and CEO". Juvenile Diabetes Cure Alliance.
  12. ↑ "2019 JDRF Research Grant Allocation". Juvenile Diabetes Cure Alliance.
  13. ↑ ProPublica, Mike Tigas, Sisi Wei, Ken Schwencke, Brandon Roberts, Alec Glassford (9 May 2013). "Jdrf International - Nonprofit Explorer". ProPublica.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. ↑ "2017 JDRF Grant Spending". Juvenile Diabetes Cure Alliance.
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