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Jacobus Joannes Antonius (Jac.) van Ginneken S.J. (21 April 1877, Oudenbosch - 22 October 1945, Nijmegen) was a Dutch linguist, priest and Jesuit, professor at the Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen since its start in 1923. He taught Dutch Language and Dutch Literature, comparative linguistics of the Indo-european languages, and Sanskrit.
Starting with his Grondbeginselen van de psychologische taalwetenschap, based on which he wrote his dissertation Principes de linguistique psychologique, van Ginneken worked on developing a psychological foundation for linguistics and language. Three substantial parts of his convictions are presented in the following:
Firstly, van Ginneken opposed the prevalence of the neogrammarians’ methods in linguistics and was a proponent for a psychological approach to linguistics in a more synchronic way, thereby allowing, he thought, to gain an extended view of the diachronic development of language as well.
Secondly, language, it seemed to him, had its foundations in sub- or unconscious regions of sentiment and emotion. This notion, which he explained in his Principes, had its opposition in the field of language psychology from those who saw language as prevailingly cognitive, notably Edward Sapir.
Thirdly, in the latter half of his life, van Ginneken developed the idea, that besides psychological factors, sound changes were influenced by genetic and anthropological ones, a view which didn’t find much agreement in the linguistic community at the time and much less after the Second World War, when much of language biology began to be seen as an absurdity of pre-War sciences.
Jersey Dutch, also known as Bergen County Dutch, was a Dutch dialect formerly spoken in northeastern New Jersey from the late 17th century until the early 20th century. It evolved in one of the two Dutch-speaking enclaves that remained for over two centuries after the dissolution of Dutch control in North America, the other giving rise to Mohawk Dutch. It may have been a partial creole language based on Zeelandic and West Flemish Dutch dialects with English and possibly some elements of Lenape.
In linguistics, the Japhetic theory of Soviet linguist Nikolay Yakovlevich Marr (1864–1934) postulated that the Kartvelian languages of the Caucasus area are related to the Semitic languages of the Middle East. The theory gained favor among some Soviet linguists for ideological reasons as it was thought to represent "proletarian science" as opposed to "bourgeois science".
Johannes Goropius Becanus, born Jan Gerartsen, was a Dutch physician, linguist, and humanist.
Hans Georg Conon von der Gabelentz was a German general linguist and sinologist. His Chinesische Grammatik (1881), according to a critic, "remains until today recognized as probably the finest overall grammatical survey of the Classical Chinese language to date."
Louis Trolle Hjelmslev was a Danish linguist whose ideas formed the basis of the Copenhagen School of linguistics. Born into an academic family, Hjelmslev studied comparative linguistics in Copenhagen, Prague and Paris. In 1931, he founded the Cercle Linguistique de Copenhague. Together with Hans Jørgen Uldall he developed a structuralist theory of language which he called glossematics, which further developed the semiotic theory of Ferdinand de Saussure. Glossematics as a theory of language is characterized by a high degree of formalism. It is interested in describing the formal and semantic characteristics of language in separation from sociology, psychology or neurobiology, and has a high degree of logical rigour. Hjelmslev regarded linguistics – or glossematics – as a formal science. He was the inventor of formal linguistics. Hjelmslev's theory became widely influential in structural and functional grammar, and in semiotics.
The 't kofschip, 't fokschaap, also often referred to as kofschiptaxi or soft ketchup, rule is a mnemonic that determines the endings of a regular Dutch verb in the past indicative/subjunctive and the ending of the past participle. This rule should not be confused with the so-called T-rules (t-regels).
Jan Pieter Marie Laurens de Vries was a Dutch philologist, linguist, religious studies scholar, folklorist, educator, writer, editor and public official who specialized in Germanic studies.
John Rupert Firth OBE, commonly known as J. R. Firth, was an English linguist and a leading figure in British linguistics during the 1950s.
Michiel Arnoud Cor de Vaan is a Dutch linguist and Indo-Europeanist. He taught comparative Indo-European linguistics, historical linguistics and dialectology at the University of Leiden until 2014, when he moved to the University of Lausanne in Switzerland. De Vaan had been at the University of Leiden since 1991, first as a student and later as a teacher.
Antoni Dufriche-Desgenettes, baptized Antoine Marie Dufriche-Foulaines, was a French seafaring merchant, poet and amateur phonetician.
Honoré Chavée (1815–1877) was a Belgian Indo-Europeanist and Semitologist who started natural linguistics in France. He also founded the Revue de Linguistique et de Philologie Comparée — the first French journal devoted to linguistics — in 1867 with his student Abel Hovelacque.
Guillaume Jacques is a French linguist who specializes in the study of Sino-Tibetan languages: Old Chinese, Tangut, Tibetan, Gyalrongic and Kiranti languages. He also performs research on the Algonquian and Siouan language families and publishes about languages of other families such as Breton. His case studies in historical phonology are set in the framework of panchronic phonology, aiming to formulate generalizations about sound change that are independent of any particular language or language group.
Lambert ten Kate was a Dutch linguist. Specialised in comparative historical linguistics, he was also a well-known art collector.
Adriaen Verwer was a Dutch Mennonite merchant, scholar, philosopher and linguist. He wrote books on language, religion and maritime law. He is best known for his grammar Linguae Belgicae, published anonymously in 1707. He is often regarded as the linguistic mentor of his younger friend Lambert ten Kate.
Ingrid Marijke Tieken-Boon van Ostade is a professor emeritus of English Sociohistorical Linguistics at Leiden University's Centre for Linguistics. She has researched widely in the area of English socio-historical linguistics having looked at such diverse fields as English negations, historical social network analysis, the standardisation process and the language of 18th-century letters. She has recently published a book on Bishop Lowth (1710–1787). Her work on a collaborative project on English usage was featured in the BBC Radio 4's Making History programme.
Ernst Frideryk Konrad Koerner was a German author, researcher, professor of linguistics, and historian of linguistics.
Pieter Jacobus (Piet) Meertens was a Dutch scholar of literature, dialects, and ethnology. He founded the institutes which later merged into the Meertens Instituut, of which he was the director until 1965.
Lawrence Gwyn Van Loon was an American general practitioner, amateur historical linguist and forger.
Abel Hovelacque was a 19th-century French linguist, anthropologist and politician.
Johanna Corleva (1698–1752) was a Dutch translator and grammarian active in the 1740s. She is presumed to be the first female lexicographer from the Netherlands because of her Dutch–French dictionary De Schat der Nederduitsche Wortel-woorden.
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