James Johnston | |
---|---|
Member of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada for Carleton | |
In office 1841–1846 | |
Preceded by | New position |
Succeeded by | George Lyon |
Personal details | |
Born | Unknown Ireland |
Died | June 16,1849 Bytown,Canada West |
Occupation | Journalist,publisher,businessman |
James Johnston (died June 16,1849) was a fiery-tempered businessman and political figure in Upper Canada (later Canada West,now the province of Ontario).
Johnston was born in Ireland and came to Upper Canada in 1815,moving to Bytown (now Ottawa,Ontario) in 1827. He worked as an auctioneer and merchant,as well as acquiring property holdings. He was a member of the Orange Order. [1]
A man of feuds,in 1831 Johnston and Alexander Christie,a journalist of Scottish background,were accused of jostling and threatening a solicitor for the British military authorities during a time of tension between the town residents and the military. However,not long afterwards,Johnston was complaining to the Lieutenant Governor that Christie,as a magistrate,was prejudiced against the Irish and favoured Scottish litigants. Later,he lodged a similar complaint against a magistrate of Irish background,Daniel O'Connor,accusing him of favouring Roman Catholic Irish over Irish Orangemen. O'Connor responded that none of Johnston's own friends were immune from his attacks. Some months after this exchange,Johnston's house was burnt down by unknown enemies. [1]
For a short time in 1836,Johnston operated a newspaper,the Bytown Independent,and Farmer’s Advocate,which he used mainly as a platform to criticize a number of prominent political figures of the time,coming close to libel on some occasions. After a few issues he sold the press to Christie. [1]
In 1837,Johnston suffered a number of attacks from organized Irish thugs known as Shiners. Ottawa at this time did not have a police force,and there was an ongoing conflict between the Shiners,composed of Irish labourers,and French-Canadian lumbermen. Johnston had complained to Lieutenant Governor Sir Francis Bond Head against the leader of the Shiners,Peter Aylen,because of Aylen's apparent immunity from the law. Aylen's men attacked him in his home and then attempted to kill him while he was returning home at night. These incidents helped establish the need for police services in the town. [1]
In 1834 and 1836,Johnston stood for election to the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada in the riding of Carleton,which encompassed Bytown and the surrounding county of Carleton,but was unsuccessful both times. [1] In 1841,he stood for election to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada for the new riding of Bytown but was persuaded by the Governor General,Lord Sydenham to withdraw his nomination in favour of Sydenham's preferred candidate,Stewart Derbishire. [2] (Christie was another of the candidates persuaded to withdraw. [3] ) Johnston instead stood for election in the surrounding riding of Carleton,nominated by O'Connor,and was elected to the Assembly. [1] [4] He was reelected in 1844. Johnston helped promote the interests of his area and lobbied for the selection of Bytown as the provincial capital. Derbishire considered him one of the most effective members of the House in debate. [1]
Although he originally considered himself a reformer,Johnston opposed responsible government,because he thought it threatened the independence of the members. He also opposed Lord Sydenham's policy of seeking a broad base of support in the Legislative Assembly,earning a reputation as a Family Compact Tory. [5] Johnston also voted against a bill sponsored by Robert Baldwin to end secret societies,which Johnston believed was aimed at the Orange Lodge. His opposition to the bill caused another break with O'Connor,a Catholic. [1] In 1846,he resigned from the Assembly,stating that "the ingratitude and never-ceasing coercion of Ministers were too much for me." Nonetheless,he ran in the resulting by-election but was defeated. [1]
Faced with allegations of drinking,he died in Bytown in 1849. He was survived by his wife,Jane,and left an estate of approximately £700. Although there was only short notice of his funeral,the report in the Packet,a journal which had opposed Johnston's politics,commented that it was the largest funeral ever seen at Bytown,"a sufficient evidence,if any were wanting,of the wide spread reputation he enjoyed." [1]
Robert Baldwin was an Upper Canadian lawyer and politician who with his political partner Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine of Lower Canada,led the first responsible government ministry in the Province of Canada. "Responsible Government" marked the province's democratic self-government,without a revolution,although not without violence. This achievement also included the introduction of municipal government,the introduction of a modern legal system and the Canadian jury system,and the abolishing of imprisonment for debt. Baldwin is also noted for feuding with the Orange Order and other fraternal societies. The Lafontaine-Baldwin government enacted the Rebellion Losses Bill to compensate Lower Canadians for damages suffered during the Lower Canada Rebellion of 1837–1838. The passage of the Bill outraged Anglo-Canadian Tories in Montreal,resulting in the burning of the Parliament Buildings in Montreal in 1849.
Stewart Derbishire was the first elected representative for Bytown in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada. Born in England,he was a strong Whig.
Shiners were gangs of Irish immigrants that formed in the early days of Bytown,later Ottawa,mainly active during the 1830s.
Peter Aylen was a timber producer and later public official who was,for a time,known as "King of the Shiners".
Robert Christie was a lawyer,journalist,historian and political figure in Lower Canada and Canada East. He had a reputation for being hot-headed,but also incorruptible.
William Stewart was a businessman and political figure in Upper Canada and Canada West. An immigrant from Scotland,he settled in Bytown where he was active in business and public life. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada,serving from 1843 to 1847. He died in Toronto in 1856,while representing the interests of the city of Ottawa.
Thomas Parke was an architect,builder,journalist and political figure in Upper Canada.
James McGill Strachan was a lawyer,business and political figure in Canada West,in the Province of Canada.
George Sherwood was a judge,lawyer and political figure in Canada West.
John Henry Dunn was a public official and businessman in Upper Canada,who later entered politics in the Province of Canada. Born on Saint Helena of English parents,he came to Upper Canada as a young man to take up the position of Receiver General for Upper Canada,a position he held from 1820 to 1841.
David Morrison Armstrong was a merchant,insurance agent and political figure in Canada East in the Province of Canada. He represented the electoral district of Berthier in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1841 to 1851. From 1855 to 1867 he sat in the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada,and in the Legislative Council of Quebec from 1867 until his death.
Antoine-Charles Taschereau was a government official,land developer,and political figure in Lower Canada and Canada East,Province of Canada. He represented Beauce in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1830 to 1838 and Dorchester in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1841 to 1844.
David Thorburn was a Scottish-born merchant and political figure in Upper Canada. He represented the 3rd riding of Lincoln County in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada from 1835 to 1840 as a Reformer,and the riding of Lincoln South in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1841 to 1844.
Harmannus Smith was a physician,farmer and political figure in Upper Canada and then the Province of Canada. He represented Wentworth County in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada from 1834 to 1836 as a Reformer and then in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1841 to 1851. He served a six-year term in the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada,from 1858 to 1864.
The Shiners' Wars were violent outbreaks in Bytown from 1835 to 1845 between Irish-Catholic immigrants,led by Peter Aylen,and French Canadians,led by Joseph Montferrand.
John Yule was a businessman,seigneur and political figure in Canada East in the Province of Canada. He lived all his life in the town of Chambly,south of Montreal. He had considerable business success providing supplies to the British Army garrison at Fort Chambly,as well as a variety of business activities in the Chambly area. He was responsible for the construction of the first bridge at Chambly across the River Richelieu. Yule represented the Chambly riding in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1841 to 1843,as a unionist and Tory.
Bytown was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of the Province of Canada. The district represented the town of Bytown,in Canada West,which was re-named Ottawa in 1855. The electoral district was created in 1841,upon the establishment of the Province of Canada,from the merger of Upper Canada and Lower Canada. It was renamed to Ottawa following the renaming of the city.
Carleton was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of the Province of Canada,in Canada West. It was based on Carleton County,fronting on the Ottawa River.
Joseph Woods was a politician in the Province of Canada,which had been formed by the merger of Upper Canada and Lower Canada in early 1841. Woods served two terms in the Legislative Assembly of the new province. He was elected in 1841 to the first Parliament of the Province of Canada,representing the riding of Kent in Canada West. He was defeated in the general election of 1844,but re-elected in a subsequent by-election in 1845 when the Kent seat became vacant.
George Morss Jukes Boswell,QC,was a lawyer and judge in Canada West,Province of Canada. Born in England of Scottish descent,his family emigrated to Upper Canada in 1822. He was married twice,with thirteen children.