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Mali, officially the Republic of Mali, is a landlocked country in West Africa. Mali is the eighth-largest country in Africa, with an area of just over 1,240,000 square kilometres (480,000 sq mi). The population of Mali is 19.1 million. 67% of its population was estimated to be under the age of 25 in 2017. Its capital is Bamako. The sovereign state of Mali consists of eight regions and its borders on the north reach deep into the middle of the Sahara Desert, while the country's southern part, where the majority of inhabitants live, features the Niger and Senegal rivers. The country's economy centers on agriculture and mining. Some of Mali's prominent natural resources include gold, being the third largest producer of gold on the African continent, and salt.
Mali is located in Africa. The history of the territory of modern Mali may be divided into:
Amadou Toumani Touré is a Malian politician who was President of Mali from 2002 to 2012.
Moussa Traoré was a Malian soldier, politician, and dictator who was President of Mali from 1968 to 1991. As a Lieutenant, he led the military ousting of President Modibo Keïta in 1968. Thereafter he served as head of state until March 1991, when he was overthrown by popular protests and a military coup. He was twice condemned to death in the 1990s, but eventually pardoned on both occasions and freed in 2002. He retired from public life and died in 2020.
Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta, often known by his initials IBK, is a Malian politician who served as the president of Mali from September 2013 to August 2020, when he was forced to resign in the 2020 Malian coup d'état. He served as Mali's prime minister from February 1994 to February 2000 and as president of the National Assembly of Mali from September 2002 to September 2007. Keïta founded the centre-left political party Rally for Mali (RPM) in 2001. After a number of unsuccessful campaigns, he was elected president in the 2013 presidential election and reelected in 2018. He resigned on 19 August 2020, after being taken captive by mutinous elements of the Malian Armed Forces.
Younoussi Touré is a Malian politician. He was Prime Minister of Mali from 9 June 1992 to 12 April 1993 and was the first Prime Minister appointed under President Alpha Oumar Konaré. Touré was the President of the Union for the Republic and Democracy (URD), a political party, from 2003 to 2014. He was First Vice-President of the National Assembly from 2007 to 2012 and President of the National Assembly from 2012 to 2013.
Oumar Mariko is a Malian politician, doctor and noted former student activist. He is the Secretary-General of African Solidarity for Democracy and Independence (SADI), a left-wing political party, and has three times run for President of Mali, in 2002, 2007 and 2013.
Dioncounda Traoré is a Malian politician who was President of Mali in an interim capacity from April 2012 to September 2013. Previously he was President of the National Assembly of Mali from 2007 to 2012, and he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1994 to 1997. He was President of the Alliance for Democracy in Mali-African Party for Solidarity and Justice (ADEMA-PASJ) beginning in 2000, and he was also President of the Alliance for Democracy and Progress (ADP), an alliance of parties that supported the re-election of President Amadou Toumani Touré in 2007.
Presidential elections were held in Mali on 28 July 2013, with a second round run-off held on 11 August. Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta defeated Soumaïla Cissé in the run-off to become the new President of Mali.
The 2012 Malian coup d'état began on 21 March that year, when mutinying Malian soldiers, displeased with the management of the Tuareg rebellion, attacked several locations in the capital Bamako, including the presidential palace, state television, and military barracks. The soldiers, who said they had formed the National Committee for the Restoration of Democracy and State, declared the following day that they had overthrown the government of Amadou Toumani Touré, forcing him into hiding. The coup was followed by "unanimous" international condemnation, harsh sanctions by Mali's neighbors, and the swift loss of northern Mali to Tuareg forces, leading Reuters to describe the coup as "a spectacular own-goal". On 6 April, the junta agreed with Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) negotiators that they would step down from power in return for the end of sanctions, giving power to a transitional government led by parliament speaker Dioncounda Traoré. In the following days, both Touré and coup leader Amadou Sanogo formally resigned; however, as of 16 May, the junta was still "widely thought to have maintained overall control". On 3 December 2013, a mass grave was discovered in Diago holding the remains of 21 soldiers that went missing the year before, loyal to the ousted president.
Amadou Haya Sanogo is a Malian military officer who was leader of the 2012 Malian coup d'état against President Amadou Toumani Touré. He proclaimed himself the leader of the National Committee for Recovering Democracy and Restoring the State (CNRDRE). Sanogo was also said to be involved in the arrest and resignation of acting Prime Minister Cheick Modibo Diarra in December 2012, leading to the appointment of civil servant Django Sissoko as Prime Minister. According to Human Rights Watch, Sanogo’s forces were implicated in serious human rights abuses including torture, sexual abuse, and intimidation against journalists and family members of detained soldiers.
India–Mali relations refers to the bilateral ties between the Republic of India and the Republic of Mali.
Jamille Antonio Matt is a Jamaican professional footballer who plays for Forest Green Rovers, as a striker.
The Party for Economic Development and Solidarity is a political party in Mali led by Hamed Diané Séméga.
Jamill or Jamille is a given name. Notable people with the given name include:
The 26 March 1991 Malian coup d'état resulted in the overthrow of President Moussa Traoré after over two decades of dictatorship and eventually led to multi-party elections.
The 1968 Malian coup d'état was a bloodless military coup in Mali staged on 19 November 1968 against the government of President Modibo Keïta. The coup was led by Lieutenant Moussa Traoré, who then became the head of state.
Márcio Miguel Bittar is a politician of Brazil. Although born in São Paulo, he has spent his political career representing Acre, serving as federal senator since 2019. He was previously served in the chamber of deputies from 1991 to 2003 and from 2011 to 2015, and served in the state legislature from 1995 to 1999.
The 2020 Malian protests or the Malian spring, started on 5 June 2020 when protesters gathered in the streets of Bamako, Mali, calling for Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta to resign as president of Mali. On 18 August gunfire was heard on the streets of Kati. Warnings of a possible mutiny was often heard. The warnings led to a coup d'état on the 18th August. The president and prime minister was detained in the afternoon. The coup was a sign of change. Soldiers announced elections and civilian or political rule. In midnight of 18 August, the president announced that he will be out of power and he will resign. Celebrations began on the streets of Mali on 20 August. Political unrest paused for a bit. The world has condemned the unrest. The celebrations are currently ongoing.
On 18 August 2020, elements of the Malian Armed Forces began a mutiny. Soldiers on pick-up trucks stormed the Soundiata military base in the town of Kati, where gunfire was exchanged before weapons were distributed from the armory and senior officers arrested. Tanks and armoured vehicles were seen on the town's streets, as well as military trucks heading for the capital, Bamako. The soldiers detained several government officials including the President Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta who resigned and dissolved the government. This was the country's second coup in less than 10 years, following the 2012 coup d'état.
References
- ↑ "Mali: Jamille Bittar candidat à l'élection présidentielle". Archived from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2012.