| Janaab Pakal III | |
|---|---|
| Ajaw | |
| King of Palenque | |
| Reign | 17 November 799 – ? |
| Predecessor | K'inich K'uk' Bahlam II |
| Successor | None |
| Religion | Maya religion |
| Signature |  |
Janaab Pakal III, [N 1] also known as 6 Cimi Pakal, (fl. c.799), was an ajaw of the Maya city of Palenque. He acceded to the throne in November, 799. [N 2] [1] He was probably last ruler of Palenque and his glyph name comes from blackware vase found in the residential quarter of city. [2]
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Palenque, also anciently known in the Itza Language as Lakamhaʼ, was a Maya city state in southern Mexico that perished in the 8th century. The Palenque ruins date from ca. 226 BC to ca. 799 AD. After its decline, it was overgrown by the jungle of cedar, mahogany, and sapodilla trees, but has since been excavated and restored. It is located near the Usumacinta River in the Mexican state of Chiapas, about 130 km south of Ciudad del Carmen, 150 meters (490 ft) above sea level. It averages a humid 26°C (79°F) with roughly 2,160 millimeters (85 in) of rain a year.
Kʼinich Janaab Pakal I, also known as Pacal or Pacal the Great, was ajaw of the Maya city-state of Palenque in the Late Classic period of pre-Columbian Mesoamerican chronology. He acceded to the throne in July 615 and ruled until his death. Pakal reigned 68 years—the fifth-longest verified regnal period of any sovereign monarch in history, the longest in world history for more than a millennium, and still the longest of any residing monarch in the history of the Americas. During his reign, Pakal was responsible for the construction or extension of some of Palenque's most notable surviving inscriptions and monumental architecture. Pakal is perhaps best known in popular culture for his depiction on the carved lid of his sarcophagus, which has become the subject of pseudoarchaeological speculations.
Janahb Pakal also known as Janaab Pakal, Pakal I or Pakal the Elder,, was a nobleman and possible ajaw of the Maya city-state of Palenque.
Sak Kʼukʼ also known as Muwaan Mat, Lady Sak Kʼukʼ and Lady Beastie, was queen of the Maya city-state of Palenque. She acceded to the throne in October, 612 and ruled until 615.
Kʼinich Kan Bahlam II, also known as Chan Bahlum II, was ajaw of the Maya city-state of Palenque. He acceded to the throne in January, 684, several months after the death of his father and predecessor, Kʼinich Janaab Pakal I and ruled until his death.
Pakal (603–683) was ajaw of the Maya city-state of Palenque in the Late Classic period of pre-Columbian Mesoamerican chronology.
Tonina is a pre-Columbian archaeological site and ruined city of the Maya civilization located in what is now the Mexican state of Chiapas, some 13 km (8.1 mi) east of the town of Ocosingo.
Ajen Yohl Mat also known as Aj Neʼ Ohl Mat, Ac Kan and Ahl Lawal Mat, was an ajaw of the Maya city-state of Palenque. He acceded to the throne on January 1, 605 and ruled until his death. He was probably the son of Yohl Ikʼnal or Sak Kʼukʼ and the brother of Janahb Pakal or Kʼinich Janaab Pakal I. During his reign, his kingdom was invaded on April 4, 611 by Scroll Serpent, ruler of the Kaan kingdom (Calakmul).
Yohl Ikʼnal, also known as Lady Kan Ik and Lady Kʼanal Ikʼnal, was queen regnant of the Maya city-state of Palenque. She acceded to the throne on 23 December 583, and ruled until her death.
Kʼukʼ Bahlam I, also known as Kuk and Bahlum Kʼukʼ,, was a founder and ajaw of the ruling dynasty at the Maya city of Palenque. He founded the dynasty on March 10, 431.
Ahkal Moʼ Nahb I, also known as Chaacal and Akul Anab I,, was an ajaw of the Maya city of Palenque. He ruled from June 5, 501 AD to his death.
Kʼan Joy Chitam I, also known as Hok, Kan Xul I and Kʼan Hokʼ Chitam I, was an ajaw of the Maya city-state of Palenque. He took the throne on February 6, 529 at age 34, ending an interregnum that had lasted for a little over four years.
Kan Bahlam I, also known as Chan Bahlum I, was an ajaw of the Maya city-state of Palenque. He acceded to the throne on April 6, 572 at age 47 and ruled until his death. Kan Bahlam was most likely the younger brother of his predecessor, Ahkal Mo' Nahb II and probably son of K'an Joy Chitam I. He was the first ruler of Palenque to use the title K'inich, albeit inconsistently. The title is usually translated as "radiant" but literally means "sun-faced".
Kʼinich Ahkal Moʼ Nahb III also known as Chaacal III and Akul Anab III,, was an ajaw of the Maya city of Palenque. He took the throne on 30 December 721, reigning until c.736.
Alberto Ruz Lhuillier was a Mexican archaeologist. He specialized in pre-Columbian Mesoamerican archaeology and is well known for leading the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH) excavations at the Maya site of Palenque, where he found the tomb of the Maya ruler, Pakal. Ruz Lhuillier is sometimes referred to as the "Hitchcock of Archaeology".
Kʼinich Kʼan Joy Chitam II, also known as Kan Xul II and Kʼan Hokʼ Chitam On II, October 31, 644 – c.721, was an ajaw of the Maya city of Palenque. He took the throne on May 28, 702 (9.13.10.6.8), reigning until c.721. He succeeded his elder brother Kʼinich Kan Bahlam II. Their father was Kʼinich Janaab Pakal I, who had ruled for 68 years, and their mother was Lady Tzʼakbu Ajaw. His possible brother could be Tiwol Chan Mat. Kʼinich Kʼan Joy Chitam apparently reigned for about nine years. He was captured by the Toniná in 711 and was possibly executed by their leader, Kʼinich Baaknal Chaak or was later restored to his kingship. He was succeeded in late 721 by Kʼinich Ahkal Moʼ Nahb III.
Maya kings were the centers of power for the Maya civilization. Each Maya city-state was controlled by a dynasty of kings. The position of king was usually inherited by the oldest son.
"Casper", also known as 11 Rabbit,, was an ajaw of the Maya city of Palenque from August 9, 435 to 487. He was the immediate successor of K'uk' Bahlam I, who founded the ruling dynasty.
Kʼinich Kʼukʼ Bahlam II, also known as Bahlum Kʼukʼ II and Mahkʼina Kuk,, was an ajaw of the Maya city of Palenque. He acceded to the throne on March 4, 764 and ruled until c. 783. He was a son of Kʼinich Ahkal Moʼ Nahb III and Lady Men Nik. Knowledge of him is limited to a few broken monuments: the Tablet of the 96 glyphs, the Creation Tablet, the House B Mural? and Bodega no. 218.
Kʼinich Janaab Pakal II, also known as Upakal Kʼinich,, was an ajaw of the Maya city of Palenque. He ruled c.742 and he was probably brother of Kʼinich Ahkal Moʼ Nahb III. There are only few details about his reign like Bodega no. 1144 and portraits on a stucco-covered pier from Temple 19, only date from his reign is from 742, when he installed lord into important office.
