Jasma Odan is a folk deity from medieval Gujarat about a woman who committed sati to protect her honor after her husband was murdered by Siddharaj Jaisinh, a king of Chaulukya dynasty.
Jasma was a wife of Rooda who was a pond digger. They belonged to the Odh rajput tribe, a drifting tribe of laborers in Gujarat, Kathiawar, and some parts of Rajasthan. [1] They were at Anhilwad Patan to dig Sahastralinga Tank, a lake and thousand shrines with lingam. Siddharaj Jaisinh, a king of Chaulukya dynasty, was captivated by the beauty of Jasma and proposed marriage. He offered to make her queen of Gujarat but she refused. Jaisinh killed her husband. She committed sati , by jumping into the pyre, to protect her honor. Her curse made the tank of Sahasralinga Tank waterless and Siddharaj without an heir to his kingdom of Gujarat. [2] [3]
The Jasmadevi temple dedicated to her, constructed by the Odh rajput tribe in the 12th century, is situated near Sahasralinga Tank at Patan, Gujarat.
A Bhavai vesha, a folk theatre form based on legend, has been performed since the nineteenth century. [4] [2] It was recreated for a stage performance titled Jasma Odan by Shanta Gandhi in 1982. [5] The 1926 Indian silent film Sati Jasma about the folk deity was created by Homi Master. It starred Gohar Mamajiwala and Khalil in the lead roles. [6] A Gujarati film titled Sati Jasma Odan was directed by Chandrakant Sanghani in 1976. The songs of the film were penned by Kanti Ashok and music was composed by Mahesh Naresh. [6]
Jauhar, sometimes spelled Jowhar or Juhar, was a Hindu Rajput practice of mass self-immolation by females, both adults and children, in the Indian subcontinent to avoid capture, enslavement, and rape by invaders when facing certain defeat during a war. Some reports of jauhar mention women committing self-immolation along with their children. This practice was historically observed in the northwest regions of India, with most famous jauhars in recorded history occurring during wars between Hindu Rajput kingdoms in Rajasthan and the opposing Muslim armies. Jauhar was only performed during war, usually when there was no chance of victory. The term jauhar often connotes jauhar-immolation. Jauhar involved Hindu Rajput women committing suicide with their children and valuables in a massive fire, in order to avoid capture and abuse in the face of inescapable military defeat. At the same time or shortly thereafter, the men would ritualistically march to the battlefield expecting certain death, which in the regional tradition is called saka. This practice was intended to show that those committing it valued their honor more highly than their lives.
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