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Marie Antoinette was the last queen consort of France prior to the French Revolution. She was born an archduchess of Austria, and was the penultimate child and youngest daughter of Empress Maria Theresa and Emperor Francis I. She married Louis XVI, heir apparent to the French throne, in 16 May 1770 at age 14. She became dauphine of France. On 10 May 1774, her husband ascended the throne as Louis XVI and she became queen.
Jeanne Bécu, Comtesse du Barry was the last maîtresse-en-titre of King Louis XV of France. She was executed by guillotine during the French Revolution on accusations of treason—particularly being suspected of assisting émigrés to flee from the Revolution. She is also known as “Mademoiselle Vaubernier”.
Yolande Martine Gabrielle de Polastron, Duchess of Polignac was the favourite of Marie Antoinette, whom she first met when she was presented at the Palace of Versailles in 1775, the year after Marie Antoinette became the Queen of France. She was considered one of the great beauties of pre-Revolutionary society, but her extravagance and exclusivity earned her many enemies.
Marie-Jeanne "Rose" Bertin was a French fashion merchant. She was particularly noted for her work with Queen Marie Antoinette. Bertin was the first celebrated French fashion designer and is widely credited with having brought fashion and haute couture to the forefront of popular culture.
Marie Adélaïde de France was a French princess, the sixth child and fourth daughter of King Louis XV and Queen Marie Leszczyńska.
Victoire of France was a French princess, the daughter of King Louis XV and the popular Queen Marie Leszczyńska. She was named after her parents and Queen Maria Theresa, her great-great-grandmother and the consort of Louis XIV of France.
The pouf or pouffe also "toque" is a hairstyle and a hairstyling support deriving from 18th-century France. It was made popular by the Queen of France, Marie Antoinette (1755–1793), when she wore it in June 1775 at the coronation of her husband Louis XVI, triggering a wave of French noblewomen to wear their hair in the same manner. The hairstyle would become popular across Europe in the 1770s.
Marie Joséphine of Savoy was a princess of France and countess of Provence by marriage to the future King Louis XVIII of France. She was regarded by Bourbon royalist Legitimists as the titular 'queen of France' when her husband assumed the title of king in 1795 upon the death of his nephew, the titular King Louis XVII of France, until her death. She was never practically queen, as she died before her husband actually became king in 1814.
Richard Mique was a neoclassical French architect born in Lorraine. He is most remembered for his picturesque hamlet, the Hameau de la Reine — not particularly characteristic of his working style — for Marie Antoinette in the Petit Trianon gardens within the estate of Palace of Versailles.
Marie Louise de Rohan, also known as Madame de Marsan, was the governess of Louis XVI of France and his siblings. She was an influential figure of the French court and a driving force of the Dévots and the conservative fraction of the court nobility.
Sophie Philippine Élisabeth Justine of France was a French princess, a fille de France. She was the sixth daughter and eighth child of King Louis XV and his queen consort, Marie Leszczyńska. First known as Madame Cinquième, she later became Madame Sophie. She and her sisters were collectively known as Mesdames. In 1777, Sophie and her elder sister Adélaïde were both given the title Duchess of Louvois.
Marie Thérèse Louise of Savoy, Princess de Lamballe was a member of the Savoy-Carignano cadet branch of the House of Savoy. She was married at the age of 17 to Louis Alexandre de Bourbon-Penthièvre, Prince de Lamballe, the heir to the greatest fortune in France. After her marriage, which lasted a year, she went to the French royal court and became the confidante of Queen Marie Antoinette. She was killed in the massacres of September 1792 during the French Revolution.
Léonard-Alexis Autié, also Autier, often referred to simply as Monsieur Léonard, was the favourite hairdresser of Queen Marie Antoinette and in 1788–1789 founded the Théâtre de Monsieur, "the first resident theatre in France to produce a year-round repertory of Italian opera."
Angélique-Marie Élisabeth Émilie de Matignon, née Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, married Countesse Goyon de Matignon and known in history as Madame de Matignon, was a prominent fashion figure during the French Ancien Régime, known for her extravagant hairdressing expenses.
A fashion merchant is a businessperson specialising in the production and the sale of fashion accessories, especially adornments for hairstyles and gowns. The profession emerged in the early eighteenth century and reached its height at the end of the 1700s. The women and occasional men who practised as fashion merchants played a central role in the diffusion of styles in this period.
Adélaïde Henriette Damoville was a French fashion merchant. She was a favorite milliner of Queen Marie Antoinette.
Mademoiselle Alexandre, was a French fashion merchant.
Marie Madeleine Duchapt, also known as only La Duchapt, was a celebrated French fashion merchant. Active from the 1730s to 1760s, she succeeded Françoise Leclerc as the leading marchande de modes in Paris. She has been referred to as the first famous fashion celebrity of the Parisian fashion business, and was a predecessor of Rose Bertin.
Mademoiselle Pagelle was a French fashion designer (Couturier) and fashion merchant.
Marie Antoinette with a Rose, also known as Marie-Antoinette with the Rose, is an oil painting by the French artist Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun. It was painted in 1783, and is in the collection of the Palace of Versailles. As of November 2022, it is hanging in the ante-dining room of the Petit Trianon.
References
- Caroline Weber, Queen of Fashion: What Marie Antoinette Wore to the Revolution
- Carolyn Sargentson, Merchants and luxury markets: the marchands merciers of eighteenth-century Paris, Victoria and Albert Museum, 1996
- Clare Haru Crowston, Credit, Fashion, Sex: Economies of Regard in Old Regime France
- Émile Langlade, Rose Bertin, The Creator Of Fashion At The Court Of Marie-Antoinette, 1913