Jeffrey S. Tobias | |
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Occupation | Physician |
Medical career | |
Institutions | University College, London |
Notable works |
Jeffrey S. Tobias is a British professor of oncology at University College, London, and co-author of Cancer and its Management and Informed Consent in Medical Research . He is on the board at Cancer Research UK, and is a former president of the British Association for Head and Neck Oncology. [1] [2] [3] [4]
Radiation therapy or radiotherapy, often abbreviated RT, RTx, or XRT, is a treatment using ionizing radiation, generally provided as part of cancer therapy to either kill or control the growth of malignant cells. It is normally delivered by a linear particle accelerator. Radiation therapy may be curative in a number of types of cancer if they are localized to one area of the body, and have not spread to other parts. It may also be used as part of adjuvant therapy, to prevent tumor recurrence after surgery to remove a primary malignant tumor. Radiation therapy is synergistic with chemotherapy, and has been used before, during, and after chemotherapy in susceptible cancers. The subspecialty of oncology concerned with radiotherapy is called radiation oncology. A physician who practices in this subspecialty is a radiation oncologist.
Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue. Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, milk rejection, fluid coming from the nipple, a newly inverted nipple, or a red or scaly patch of skin. In those with distant spread of the disease, there may be bone pain, swollen lymph nodes, shortness of breath, or yellow skin.
Brachytherapy is a form of radiation therapy where a sealed radiation source is placed inside or next to the area requiring treatment. Brachy is Greek for short. Brachytherapy is commonly used as an effective treatment for cervical, prostate, breast, esophageal and skin cancer and can also be used to treat tumours in many other body sites. Treatment results have demonstrated that the cancer-cure rates of brachytherapy are either comparable to surgery and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or are improved when used in combination with these techniques. Brachytherapy can be used alone or in combination with other therapies such as surgery, EBRT and chemotherapy.
In medicine, proton therapy, or proton radiotherapy, is a type of particle therapy that uses a beam of protons to irradiate diseased tissue, most often to treat cancer. The chief advantage of proton therapy over other types of external beam radiotherapy is that the dose of protons is deposited over a narrow range of depth; hence in minimal entry, exit, or scattered radiation dose to healthy nearby tissues.
The sentinel lymph node is the hypothetical first lymph node or group of nodes draining a cancer. In case of established cancerous dissemination it is postulated that the sentinel lymph nodes are the target organs primarily reached by metastasizing cancer cells from the tumor.
Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) is radiation therapy that is administered during surgery directly in the operating room.
Intraoperative electron radiation therapy is the application of electron radiation directly to the residual tumor or tumor bed during cancer surgery. Electron beams are useful for intraoperative radiation treatment because, depending on the electron energy, the dose falls off rapidly behind the target site, therefore sparing underlying healthy tissue.
Breast cancer management takes different approaches depending on physical and biological characteristics of the disease, as well as the age, over-all health and personal preferences of the patient. Treatment types can be classified into local therapy and systemic treatment. Local therapy is most efficacious in early stage breast cancer, while systemic therapy is generally justified in advanced and metastatic disease, or in diseases with specific phenotypes.
A cure is a substance or procedure that ends a medical condition, such as a medication, a surgical operation, a change in lifestyle or even a philosophical mindset that helps end a person's sufferings; or the state of being healed, or cured. The medical condition could be a disease, mental illness, genetic disorder, or simply a condition a person considers socially undesirable, such as baldness or lack of breast tissue.
Professor Gordon C Wishart FRCS (Eng.) FRCS (Gen.) is the founder, Chief Medical Officer, and CEO of Check4Cancer, an early cancer detection and prevention company. In 2016, Check4Cancer launched rapid access, streamlined, and audited diagnostic pathways for breast and skin cancer for the insured and self-pay markets, leading to the award of “Diagnostic Provider of the Year” at the annual Health Investor Awards in 2018. In late 2017, Check4Cancer launched the first worldwide breast cancer risk test to combine genetic, family history, and lifestyle risk factors to underpin a risk-stratified breast screening programme.
Targeted intra-operative radiotherapy, also known as targeted IORT, is a technique of giving radiotherapy to the tissues surrounding a cancer after its surgical removal, a form of intraoperative radiation therapy. The technique was designed in 1998 at the University College London.
The term radiogenomics is used in two contexts: either to refer to the study of genetic variation associated with response to radiation or to refer to the correlation between cancer imaging features and gene expression.
The abscopal effect is a hypothesis in the treatment of metastatic cancer whereby shrinkage of untreated tumors occurs concurrently with shrinkage of tumors within the scope of the localized treatment. R.H. Mole proposed the term “abscopal” in 1953 to refer to effects of ionizing radiation “at a distance from the irradiated volume but within the same organism.”
Ralph R. Weichselbaum is an American physician specializing in radiation oncology, a member of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences, Ludwig professor, He is Daniel K. Ludwig Distinguished Service Professor of Radiation Oncology and Chairman, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, at the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, and Head of the University of Chicago Center for Radiation Therapy, and the director of the Chicago Tumor Institute. Weichselbaum is also Co- Director of the Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research at the University of Chicago.
Christobel Mary Saunders is a British-Australian oncologist and breast cancer specialist, who holds the position of Winthrop Professor of Surgical Oncology at the University of Western Australia.
Dr. Daniel Przybysz is a Brazilian Radiation-Oncologist. His practice is mainly focused on lung cancer treatment and high technology approaches toward better patient care.
Jayant S. Vaidya is a British-Indian surgeon-oncologist and clinical academic who, together with Michael Baum and Jeffrey Tobias, developed the technique called targeted intra-operative radiotherapy (TARGIT). He is a professor of surgery and oncology at the University College London, London and the author of two books on breast cancer, one on tobacco eradication, and over 200 academic articles.
Heiko Enderling is a German-American mathematical biologist and mathematical oncologist whose research topics include radiotherapy, tumor-immune interactions, cancer stem cells, and dynamic biomarkers. He is a Senior Member in the Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology at Moffitt Cancer Center, editor of the Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, and president of the Society for Mathematical Biology (2021–2023).
Indraneel Mittra, MBBS, PhD. (London), FRCS (England), FASc, FNA is an Indian cancer surgeon, basic research scientist, and public health researcher. He is the Dr. Ernest Borges Chair in Translational Research and Professor Emeritus in the Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre (TMC) in Mumbai. He established the first dedicated multi-disciplinary Breast Unit in India – a model which has since been adopted by most centers in the country. He pioneered the discipline of clinical research in cancer in India and pursued the cause of improving cancer care in the developing world. In this context, and with an RO1 grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) of the United States, Mittra spearheaded one of the largest randomized trials of screening for early detection of breast and cervical cancer using low-cost technology approaches involving 150,000 women in the suburbs of Mumbai. He is the first Indian recipient of such a competitive grant from the NIH. In the field of laboratory research, he is credited with having discovered the wide-ranging biological activities of cell-free chromatin particles (cfChPs), which have critical implications for human health and disease, and how deactivating cfChPs can have many therapeutic effects.
Cancer and its Management is a medical textbook, first published in 1986 by Blackwell Publishing. It was first authored by Jeffrey S. Tobias, and Robert L. Souhami, who was later replaced by Daniel Hochhauser.