Project management is the process of leading the work of a team to achieve all project goals within the given constraints. This information is usually described in project documentation, created at the beginning of the development process. The primary constraints are scope, time, and budget. The secondary challenge is to optimize the allocation of necessary inputs and apply them to meet pre-defined objectives.
Value engineering (VE) is a systematic analysis of the functions of various components and materials to lower the cost of goods, products and services with a tolerable loss of performance or functionality. Value, as defined, is the ratio of function to cost. Value can therefore be manipulated by either improving the function or reducing the cost. It is a primary tenet of value engineering that basic functions be preserved and not be reduced as a consequence of pursuing value improvements. The term "value management" is sometimes used as a synonym of "value engineering", and both promote the planning and delivery of projects with improved performance
Open innovation is a term used to promote an information age mindset toward innovation that runs counter to the secrecy and silo mentality of traditional corporate research labs. The benefits and driving forces behind increased openness have been noted and discussed as far back as the 1960s, especially as it pertains to interfirm cooperation in R&D. Use of the term 'open innovation' in reference to the increasing embrace of external cooperation in a complex world has been promoted in particular by Henry Chesbrough, adjunct professor and faculty director of the Center for Open Innovation of the Haas School of Business at the University of California, and Maire Tecnimont Chair of Open Innovation at Luiss.
Building science is the science and technology-driven collection of knowledge in order to provide better indoor environmental quality (IEQ), energy-efficient built environments, and occupant comfort and satisfaction. Building physics, architectural science, and applied physics are terms used for the knowledge domain that overlaps with building science. In building science, the methods used in natural and hard sciences are widely applied, which may include controlled and quasi-experiments, randomized control, physical measurements, remote sensing, and simulations. On the other hand, methods from social and soft sciences, such as case study, interviews & focus group, observational method, surveys, and experience sampling, are also widely used in building science to understand occupant satisfaction, comfort, and experiences by acquiring qualitative data. One of the recent trends in building science is a combination of the two different methods. For instance, it is widely known that occupants’ thermal sensation and comfort may vary depending on their sex, age, emotion, experiences, etc. even in the same indoor environment. Despite the advancement in data extraction and collection technology in building science, objective measurements alone can hardly represent occupants' state of mind such as comfort and preference. Therefore, researchers are trying to measure both physical contexts and understand human responses to figure out complex interrelationships.
A megaproject is an extremely large-scale investment project. According to the Oxford Handbook of Megaproject Management, "Megaprojects are large-scale, complex ventures that typically cost $1 billion or more, take many years to develop and build, involve multiple public and private stakeholders, are transformational, and impact millions of people". However, $1 billion is not a constraint in defining megaprojects; in some contexts a relative approach is needed, such as in developing countries, where a much smaller project could constitute a megaproject. Therefore, a more general definition is "Megaprojects are temporary endeavours characterised by: large investment commitment, vast complexity, and long-lasting impact on the economy, the environment, and society".
Materials management is a core supply chain function and includes supply chain planning and supply chain execution capabilities. Specifically, materials management is the capability firms use to plan total material requirements. The material requirements are communicated to procurement and other functions for sourcing. Materials management is also responsible for determining the amount of material to be deployed at each stocking location across the supply chain, establishing material replenishment plans, determining inventory levels to hold for each type of inventory, and communicating information regarding material needs throughout the extended supply chain.
Microfoundations are an effort to understand macroeconomic phenomena in terms of economic agents' behaviors and their interactions. Research in microfoundations explores the link between macroeconomic and microeconomic principles in order to explore the aggregate relationships in macroeconomic models.
Mark Jonathan Dodgson is an Australian academic and author. His research on the innovation process has influenced innovation management and policy worldwide.
Ulrich Lichtenthaler is a German economist who is Professor of Management and Entrepreneurship at the International School of Management in Cologne. He held the Chair of Management and Organization at the University of Mannheim until March 2015.
Resource slack, in the business and management literature, is the level of availability of a resource. Resource slack can be considered as the opposite of resource scarcity or resource constraints.
Barry Bozeman is a professor emeritus at Arizona State University where he was founding Director, Center for Organization Research and Design, Regents' Professor and Arizona Centennial Professor of Technology Policy and Public Management. He specializes in two disparate fields, organization theory and science and technology policy.
Anandharamakrishnan Chinnaswamy, commonly referred as Anandharamakrishnan is an Indian scientist and academician, having expertise in Chemical Engineering and Food processing. He is working as Director of National Institute of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, (NIIST) Trivandrum. Earlier, he served as Director of National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management, Thanjavur (NIFTEM-T) (Formerly known as Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu during the period April 2016 – 2022 and as Senior Principal Scientist at the CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru.
Burcin Becerik-Gerber is a Turkish American engineering educator and Professor in the Sonny Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Southern California. She is known for her work in human-building interaction, a new field she pioneered, which researches the design and use of technology that focuses on the interfaces between buildings and their users. She is the founding director of the Innovation in Integrated Informatics LAB and the director of USC’s Center for Intelligent Environments (CENTIENTS). She puts a specific focus on human-building communication to change both user behavior and building behavior through trust in automation. Her research puts a deliberate emphasis on people-centric artificial intelligence for the built environment, for example smart workstations to improve well-being in the workplace.
Phillip Phan is Alonzo and Virginia Decker Professor of Strategy and Entrepreneurship at the Carey Business School, Johns Hopkins University, with expertise in the areas of strategy and entrepreneurship. Phan's research examines corporate governance, entrepreneurship and technology transfer, regional economic development, and innovation management in healthcare. He is currently Editor-in-Chief of Academy of Management Perspectives.
Yuen Kum Fai is a Singaporean academic specialising in maritime studies, strategy, and sustainable management. He is currently an assistant professor in the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. He is an appointed associate editor for Maritime Policy & Management, which is indexed by Web of Science and the flagship journal of international shipping and port research run by Taylor & Francis. In addition, he is an advisory board member for Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives owned by Elsevier. He is also an invited guest editor for the journal, Sustainability, on the special issue 'Sustainable Maritime Transportation Management and Policies', and for Maritime Policy & Management on the special issue 'Artificial Intelligence & Big Data in Shipping'. He is the recipient of the Inauguration Grant which is part of a Singapore Teaching and Academic Research Talent Scheme that aims to attract Singaporean academics to join Singapore's autonomous universities as pre-tenure assistant professors. His research interests include sustainable shipping management, service quality, supply chain integration, transport economics, and technology and innovation management. As of Sep-2020, Yuen has published over 70 international journal papers. According to Scopus, his h-index and citations are 17 and 663, respectively.
Kalidindi N. Satyanarayana is the Director of Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati. He is known for his pioneering studies on Building Technology and Construction Management. He also holds the chairmanship of the Academic Advisory Group, Project Management Institute (PMI) India.
Christopher Alan McMahon is a British mechanical engineer, academic and a researcher. He is a retired professor of engineering design and serves as senior research fellow and senior associate teacher at the University of Bristol.
Gaétan de Rassenfosse is a Belgian economist, whose research is specialized in the field of economics of innovation. He is a professor at EPFL, where he heads the Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Laboratory at the College of Management of Technology.
Research Policy is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Elsevier on behalf of the Science Policy Research Unit. It was established by British economist Christopher Freeman in 1971 and is regarded as the leading journal in the field of innovation studies. It is listed as one of the 50 journals used by the Financial Times to compile its business-school research ranks.
Project complexity is the property of a project which makes it difficult to understand, foresee, and keep under control its overall behavior, even when given reasonably complete information about the project system. With a lens of systems thinking, project complexity can be defined as an intricate arrangement of the varied interrelated parts in which the elements can change and evolve constantly with an effect on the project objectives. The identification of complex projects is specifically important to multi-project engineering environments.
